一、简述
mac(Message Authentication Code,消息认证码算法)是含有密钥散列函数算法,兼容了MD和SHA算法的特性,并在此基础上加上了密钥。因此MAC算法也经常被称作HMAC算法。关于hmac算法的详情可以参看RFC 2104(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt),这里包含了HmacMD5算法的C语言实现。
这里需要说明的是经过mac算法得到的摘要值也可以使用十六进制编码表示,其摘要值得长度与实现算法的摘要值长度相同。例如 HmacSHA算法得到的摘要长度就是SHA1算法得到的摘要长度,都是160位二进制数,换算成十六进制的编码为40位。
二、模型分析
甲乙双方进行数据交换可以采取如下流程完成
1、甲方向乙方公布摘要算法(就是指定要使用的摘要算法名)
2、甲乙双方按照约定构造密钥,双方拥有相同的密钥(一般是一方构造密钥后通知另外一方,此过程不需要通过程序实现,就是双方约定个字符串,但是这个字符串可不是随便设定的,也是通过相关算法获取的)
3、甲方使用密钥对消息做摘要处理,然后将消息和生成的摘要消息一同发送给乙方
4、乙方收到消息后,使用甲方已经公布的摘要算法+约定好的密钥 对收到的消息进行摘要处理。然后比对自己的摘要消息和甲方发过来的摘要消息。甄别消息是否是甲方发送过来的
三、MAC系列算法支持表
算法 | 摘要长度 | 备注 |
HmacMD5 | 128 | BouncyCastle实现 |
HmacSHA1 | 160 | BouncyCastle实现 |
HmacSHA256 | 256 | BouncyCastle实现 |
HmacSHA384 | 384 | BouncyCastle实现 |
HmacSHA512 | 512 | JAVA6实现 |
HmacMD2 | 128 | BouncyCastle实现 |
HmacMD4 | 128 | BouncyCastle实现 |
HmacSHA224 | 224 | BouncyCastle实现 |
package com.main; import java.security.Security; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import javax.crypto.Mac; import javax.crypto.SecretKey; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider; import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex; /** * MAC消息摘要组件 * @author kongqz * */ public class HAMC { ///////////////////////////HmacMD5/////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacMD5的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * * */ public static byte[] initHmacMD5Key() throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacMD5"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacMD5消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacMD5(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacMD5"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } /** * HmacMD2Hex消息摘要 * @param data 待做消息摘要处理的数据 * @param String 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static String encodeHmacMD5Hex(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //执行消息摘要处理 byte[] b=encodeHmacMD5(data,key); //做十六进制转换 return new String(Hex.encode(b)); } ///////////////////////////////HmacSHA1////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacSHA1的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * * */ public static byte[] initHmacSHAKey() throws Exception{ //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacSHA1"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacSHA1消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacSHA(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacSHA1"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } ///////////////////////////////HmacSHA256////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacSHA256的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * * */ public static byte[] initHmacSHA256Key() throws Exception{ Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacSHA256"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacSHA256消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacSHA256(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacSHA256"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } ///////////////////////////////HmacSHA384////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacSHA384的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * * */ public static byte[] initHmacSHA384Key() throws Exception{ Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacSHA384"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacSHA384消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacSHA384(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacSHA384"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } ///////////////////////////////HmacSHA512////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacSHA512的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * * */ public static byte[] initHmacSHA512Key() throws Exception{ //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacSHA512"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacSHA512消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacSHA512(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacSHA512"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } ///////////////////////////////HmacMD2-BouncyCastle才支持的实现////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacMD2的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * */ public static byte[] initHmacMD2Key() throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacMD2"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacMD2消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacMD2(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacMD2"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } /** * HmacMD2Hex消息摘要 * @param data 待做消息摘要处理的数据 * @param String 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static String encodeHmacMD2Hex(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //执行消息摘要处理 byte[] b=encodeHmacMD2(data,key); //做十六进制转换 return new String(Hex.encode(b)); } ///////////////////////////////HmacMD4-BouncyCastle才支持的实现////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacMD2的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * */ public static byte[] initHmacMD4Key() throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacMD4"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacMD4消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacMD4(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacMD4"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } /** * HmacMD4Hex消息摘要 * @param data 待做消息摘要处理的数据 * @param String 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static String encodeHmacMD4Hex(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //执行消息摘要处理 byte[] b=encodeHmacMD4(data,key); //做十六进制转换 return new String(Hex.encode(b)); } ///////////////////////////////HmacSHA224-BouncyCastle才支持的实现////////////////////////////////// /** * 初始化HmacSHA224的密钥 * @return byte[] 密钥 * */ public static byte[] initHmacSHA224Key() throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //初始化KeyGenerator KeyGenerator keyGenerator=KeyGenerator.getInstance("HmacSHA224"); //产生密钥 SecretKey secretKey=keyGenerator.generateKey(); //获取密钥 return secretKey.getEncoded(); } /** * HmacSHA224消息摘要 * @param data 待做摘要处理的数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static byte[] encodeHmacSHA224(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //加入BouncyCastleProvider的支持 Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider()); //还原密钥,因为密钥是以byte形式为消息传递算法所拥有 SecretKey secretKey=new SecretKeySpec(key,"HmacSHA224"); //实例化Mac Mac mac=Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm()); //初始化Mac mac.init(secretKey); //执行消息摘要处理 return mac.doFinal(data); } /** * HmacSHA224Hex消息摘要 * @param data 待做消息摘要处理的数据 * @param String 密钥 * @return byte[] 消息摘要 * */ public static String encodeHmacSHA224Hex(byte[] data,byte[] key) throws Exception{ //执行消息摘要处理 byte[] b=encodeHmacSHA224(data,key); //做十六进制转换 return new String(Hex.encode(b)); } /** * 进行相关的摘要算法的处理展示 * @throws Exception * **/ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String str="123000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999111" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "23000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" + "230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991"; //初始化密钥 byte[] key1=HAMC.initHmacMD5Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data1=HAMC.encodeHmacMD5(str.getBytes(), key1); String datahex1=new String(Hex.encode(data1)); System.out.println("原文:"+str); System.out.println(); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD5的密钥内容和长度:"+key1.toString()+"--"+key1.length); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD5算法摘要:"+data1.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD5算法摘要HEX:"+datahex1.toString()); System.out.println(); //初始化密钥 byte[] key2=HAMC.initHmacSHA256Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data2=HAMC.encodeHmacSHA256(str.getBytes(), key2); String datahex2=new String(Hex.encode(data2)); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA256的密钥:"+key2.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA256算法摘要:"+data2.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA256算法摘要HEX:"+datahex2); System.out.println(); //初始化密钥 byte[] key3=HAMC.initHmacSHAKey(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data3=HAMC.encodeHmacSHA(str.getBytes(), key3); String datahex3=new String(Hex.encode(data3)); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA1的密钥:"+key3.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA1算法摘要:"+data3.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA1算法摘要HEX:"+datahex3); System.out.println(); //初始化密钥 byte[] key4=HAMC.initHmacSHA384Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data4=HAMC.encodeHmacSHA384(str.getBytes(), key4); String datahex4=new String(Hex.encode(data4)); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA384的密钥:"+key4.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA384算法摘要:"+data4.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA384算法摘要HEX:"+datahex4); System.out.println(); //初始化密钥 byte[] key5=HAMC.initHmacSHA512Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data5=HAMC.encodeHmacSHA512(str.getBytes(), key5); System.out.println("HmacSHA512的密钥:"+key5.toString()); System.out.println("HmacSHA512算法摘要:"+data5.toString()); System.out.println(); System.out.println("================以下的算法支持是bouncycastle支持的算法,sun java6不支持======================="); //初始化密钥 byte[] key6=HAMC.initHmacMD2Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data6=HAMC.encodeHmacMD2(str.getBytes(), key6); String datahex6=HAMC.encodeHmacMD2Hex(str.getBytes(), key6); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD2的密钥:"+key6.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD2算法摘要:"+data6.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD2Hex算法摘要:"+datahex6.toString()); System.out.println(); //初始化密钥 byte[] key7=HAMC.initHmacMD4Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data7=HAMC.encodeHmacMD4(str.getBytes(), key7); String datahex7=HAMC.encodeHmacMD4Hex(str.getBytes(), key7); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD4的密钥:"+key7.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD4算法摘要:"+data7.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacMD4Hex算法摘要:"+datahex7.toString()); System.out.println(); //初始化密钥 byte[] key8=HAMC.initHmacSHA224Key(); //获取摘要信息 byte[] data8=HAMC.encodeHmacSHA224(str.getBytes(), key8); String datahex8=HAMC.encodeHmacSHA224Hex(str.getBytes(), key8); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA224的密钥:"+key8.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA224算法摘要:"+data8.toString()); System.out.println("Bouncycastle HmacSHA224算法摘要:"+datahex8.toString()); System.out.println(); } }
运行结果是:
原文:123000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999111230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992300000000009098999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999923000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992300000000009098999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999923000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992300000000009098999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999923000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992300000000009098999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999923000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992300000000009098999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999923000000000090989999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999230000000000909899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 Bouncycastle HmacMD5的密钥内容和长度:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacMD5算法摘要:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacMD5算法摘要HEX:771093e83aeb659d125100fa465bd34e Bouncycastle HmacSHA256的密钥:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA256算法摘要:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA256算法摘要HEX:2d211a42cb3fb68cd36255f9af4ef614eea6c8b93634183d333bf3e6e0b79d87 Bouncycastle HmacSHA1的密钥:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA1算法摘要:[[email protected]b Bouncycastle HmacSHA1算法摘要HEX:c07963727b485cf6579d103a822382f3159bc6ee Bouncycastle HmacSHA384的密钥:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA384算法摘要:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA384算法摘要HEX:cae75e5a2ce20d18bf0862215896f8dbe060ac10806925fa5d2bb15cc983543a1d0e53743f1e84ee53ad7db128547cde HmacSHA512的密钥:[[email protected] HmacSHA512算法摘要:[[email protected] ================以下的算法支持是bouncycastle支持的算法,sun java6不支持======================= Bouncycastle HmacMD2的密钥:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacMD2算法摘要:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacMD2Hex算法摘要:2fad1ddef0a1d4d9e7bed45c4b714ae5 Bouncycastle HmacMD4的密钥:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacMD4算法摘要:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacMD4Hex算法摘要:3f41ccbf594e0170f7073e8c756aa039 Bouncycastle HmacSHA224的密钥:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA224算法摘要:[[email protected] Bouncycastle HmacSHA224算法摘要:f7d0e74f5c965f7981155206c05deccf0867e9cf348a1e9569b07353
运行结论是:
HMAC的特点,任意的消息大小;固定的输出长度;
HmacMD5算法摘要HEX:771093e83aeb659d125100fa465bd34e//32*4=128位
Bouncycastle HmacSHA1算法摘要HEX:c07963727b485cf6579d103a822382f3159bc6ee//40*4=160位
Bouncycastle HmacSHA256算法摘要HEX:2d211a42cb3fb68cd36255f9af4ef614eea6c8b93634183d333bf3e6e0b79d87//64*4=256
还有个问题就是,我们在使用HMAC的时候使用了hash函数并且加入了密钥key,那么这个key是怎么加入进去的?
A=[msg || key]还是B=[key || msg],前缀和后缀的做法,前缀不可缺,有前缀的攻击,参考《深入浅出密码学——常用加密技术原理与应用》马小婷的,后缀也有一种构建冲突攻击参考《深入浅出密码学——常用加密技术原理与应用》马小婷。
HMAC方案是由一个内部哈希和一个外部哈希组成,他是Mihir Bellare、Ran Canetti和Hugo Krawczyk于1996年提出的。最大的一个有点就是存在安全证明。
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