Oracle常用Sql
1.
查看数据库的归档模式及闪回是否启用
select
log_mode,open_mode,flashback_on from V$database;
2.查看实例状态
select status from
V$instance;
3.卸载数据库实例
shutdown immediate;
4.启动数据库实例
startup mount;
5.更改数据库读写状态
alter
database activate standby database;
6.查询数据库版本
select
* from V$version;
7.查询实例名
select
instance_name from V$instance;
8.连接数据库
conn username/password@databasename
(as sysdba)
9.查询所有表名
select distinct table_name from
user_tab_columns; //系统内置表
10.创建表空间
create tablespace news_tablespace datafile ‘F:\...‘ size 500M;
11.给表空间授权
grant username to
tablespace;
12.创建表
create table
student(sid number,sname varchar2(30));
13.设置自动提交
set autocommit on;
14.开启自动归档
quit;sqlplus/nolog;select status
from V$instance;
shutdown immediate; //关闭实例
startup mount;
archive log
list;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=E:\oracle\product‘;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/home/logdata‘;
[Linux下设置归档路径]
15.查看表空间
select username,default_tablespace from dba_users;
16.插入10000条数据
declare aa NUMBER(10,0):=1;
begin
loop
insert into
student values (aa,‘aa‘);
aa:=aa+1;
exit when aa>1000;
end
loop;
end;
17.取前100条数据
select * from (select * from student order
by sid) where rnum<100;
18.长跑，每一分钟插入1000条数据
/*创建存储过程*/
create or replace procedure pro1
as
begin
declare aa NUMBER(10,0):=1;
begin
loop
insert into
stu_tab values (aa,‘aa‘,sysdate);
aa:=aa+1;
exit when aa>1000;
end
loop;
end;
end;
/*建立job，调用job*/
variable
job2 number
begin
dbms_job.submit(:job2,‘pro1;‘,sysdate,‘sysdate+1/1440‘); --每天1440分钟，即一分钟运行test过程一次
end;
19.查询数据库名
select name from v$database;
20.查询归档路径
select name from
v$archived_log;
21.强制归档
alter system
switch logfile;
22.设置归档路径
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/home/logdata‘ scope=spfile;
23.查询表空间数据文件位置
select
* from
dba_data_files;
24.Linux
图形化操作：
建库：dbca
创建监听：netca
配置监听：netmgr
监听启动：lsnrctl
25.查看OEM状态：emctl status dbconsole
26.配置OEM:emctl start
dbconsole
27.获取数据库名和创建日期
SELECT name,
created, log_mode, open_mode FROM v$database;
28.知道每个表空间存在哪个磁盘上以及文件的名字等信息
SELECT file_id, file_name, tablespace_name, status,
bytes from dba_data_files;
29.备份控制文件
alter database backup controlfile to ‘D:\backup\control.bak‘;
30.查询数据库大小
select
sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 from
dba_segments;
31.修改用户密码：
sqlplus /as sysdba
alter user sys
identified by password;
32.查看环境变量
cat .bash_profile
33.监听配置文件路径：
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
34.配置数据库
cd /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/bin ./dbca
35.查询表结构
describe tablename;
36.修改sys密码：
alter
user sys identified by sys;
37.rman连接
rman连接
connect target sys/password@orcl
异常（启动数据库监听失败修改配置文件）
异常：
lsnrctl message1070
解决方式：
确认/home/.bash_profile中的环境变量$ORACLE_HOME是否正确
4.3.
异常（无法使用SQLPLUS）
异常
sqlplus ora-01034
ORA-01034：ORACLE not
avaiable
ORA-27101 :
shared memory realm does not exist
Process
ID：0
Session
ID：0 Serial Number：0
解决方式
通过sysdba方式登陆，启动数据库后再以普通用户登录