Filter对web服务器管理的所有web资源：例如Jsp, Servlet, 静态图片文件或静态 html 文件等进行拦截，从而实现一些特殊的功能。例如实现URL级别的权限访问控制、过滤敏感词汇、压缩响应信息等一些高级功能。
1 生命周期:服务器启动执行init 方法,当调用拦截到的时候执行doFilter方法，服务器关闭执行destroy方法。
2 实例
1）批量设置请求编码
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
private String encoding = null;
public void destroy() {
encoding = null;
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
String encoding = getEncoding();
if (encoding == null){
encoding = "gb2312";
}
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);// 在请求里设置上指定的编码
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
}
private String getEncoding() {
return this.encoding;
}
}
Xml代码
<filter>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.logcd.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>gb2312</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
2）用filter控制用户访问权限
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
if (session.getAttribute("username") != null) {//登录后才能访问
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
res.sendRedirect("../failure.jsp");
}
}
XML 代码
<filter>
<filter-name>SecurityFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.logcd.filter.SecurityFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SecurityFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
3 Filter 执行顺序
当有多个Filter 的时候执行顺序是采用过滤链的方法,一次执行多个Filter的doFilter()方法.按照web.xml中过滤器定义的先后循序组装成一条链。先执行chain.doFilter()前面的方法一次然后从后到前执行chain.doFilter()后面的方法。
如上执行顺序为: