说明：
Health Monitor是11g引入的用于检查数据库的各个组件（包括文件、内存、事务处理完整性、
元数据和进程使用情况）。这些检查器将生成检查结果报表以及解决问题的建议。
可在数据库脱机（nomount）和联机（open或mount）的情况下执行,运行状况检查都可以在DB-online模式下运行。只有redo完整性检查和db结构完整性检查需要在数据库脱机模式下进行。
支持的检查条目：
SQL> select name,offline_capable,description,internal_check from v$hm_check;
NAME O DESCRIPTION I
----------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------- -
HM Test Check Y Check for health monitor functionality Y
DB Structure Integrity Check Y Checks integrity of all database files N
CF Block Integrity Check Y Checks integrity of a control file block N
Data Block Integrity Check Y Checks integrity of a data file block N
Redo Integrity Check Y Checks integrity of redo log content N
Logical Block Check N Checks logical content of a block Y
Transaction Integrity Check N Checks a transaction for corruptions N
Undo Segment Integrity Check N Checks integrity of an undo segment N
No Mount CF Check Y Checks control file in NOMOUNT mode Y
Mount CF Check Y Checks control file in mount mode Y
CF Member Check Y Checks a multiplexed copy of the control file Y
All Datafiles Check Y Checks all datafiles in the database Y
Single Datafile Check Y Checks a data file Y
Tablespace Check Check Y Checks a tablespace Y
Log Group Check Y Checks all members of a log group Y
Log Group Member Check Y Checks a particular member of a log group Y
Archived Log Check Y Checks an archived log Y
Redo Revalidation Check Y Checks redo log content Y
IO Revalidation Check Y Checks file accessibility Y
Block IO Revalidation Check Y Checks file accessibility Y
Txn Revalidation Check N Revalidate corrupted transaction Y
Failure Simulation Check Y Creates dummy failures Y
Dictionary Integrity Check N Checks dictionary integrity N
ASM Mount Check Y Diagnose mount failure Y
ASM Allocation Check Y Diagnose allocation failure N
ASM Disk Visibility Check Y Diagnose add disk failure Y
ASM File Busy Check Y Diagnose file drop failure Y
ASM Toomanyoff Check Y Diagnose mount failed because there were too many offline disks Y
ASM Insufficient Disks Check Y Diagnose mount failed because there were insufficient disks Y
ASM Insufficient Mem Check Y Check to adjust memory on allocation failure Y
30 rows selected.
健康检查的类型:
1.DB Structure Integrity Check—This check verifies the integrity of database files and reports failures if these files are inaccessible, corrupt or inconsistent. If the database is in mount or open mode, this check examines the log files and data files listed in the control file. If the database is in NOMOUNT mode, only the control file is checked.
--mount\open
模式检查控制文件中列出的日志文件和数据文件。NOMOUNT模式，则仅检查控制文件。
2.Data Block Integrity Check—This check detects disk image block corruptions such as checksum failures, head/tail mismatch, and logical inconsistencies within the block. Most corruptions can be repaired using Block Media Recovery. Corrupted block information is also captured in the V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION view. This check does not detect inter-block or inter-segment corruption.
--会捕获损坏的块信息记录在V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION视图中，不会检测块间或段间损坏。
3.Redo Integrity Check—This check scans the contents of the redo log for accessibility and corruption, as well as the archive logs, if available. The Redo Integrity Check reports failures such as archive log or redo corruption.
--在线日志及归档都会进行检查
4.Undo Segment Integrity Check—This check finds logical undo corruptions. After locating an undo corruption, this check uses PMON and SMON to try to recover the corrupted transaction. If this recovery fails, then Health Monitor stores information about the corruption in V$CORRUPT_XID_LIST. Most undo corruptions can be resolved by forcing a commit.
--PMON和SMON尝试恢复损坏的事务，当损坏的事务不能恢复时记录在V$CORRUPT_XID_LIST视图中。
5.Transaction Integrity Check—This check is identical to the Undo Segment Integrity Check except that it checks only one specific transaction.
--与4相同
6.Dictionary Integrity Check—This check examines the integrity of core dictionary objects, such as tab$ and col$. It performs the following operations:
1)Verifies the contents of dictionary entries for each dictionary object.
--验证每个字典对象的字典条目的内容。
2)Performs a cross-row level check, which verifies that logical constraints on rows in the dictionary are enforced.
--执行跨行级别检查，强制执行验证字典中行的逻辑约束。
3)Performs an object relationship check, which verifies that parent-child relationships between dictionary objects are enforced.
--执行对象关系检查，强制执行验证字典对象之间的父子关系。
涉及到的字典：
The Dictionary Integrity Check operates on the following dictionary objects:
tab$, clu$, fet$, uet$, seg$, undo$, ts$, file$, obj$, ind$, icol$, col$, user$, con$, cdef$, ccol$, bootstrap$, objauth$, ugroup$, tsq$, syn$, view$, typed_view$, superobj$, seq$, lob$, coltype$, subcoltype$, ntab$, refcon$, opqtype$, dependency$, access$, viewcon$, icoldep$, dual$, sysauth$, objpriv$, defrole$, and ecol$.
手动运行健康检查
需要用到DBMS_HM.RUN_CHECK包：
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e40758/d_hm.htm#ARPLS144
DBMS_HM.RUN_CHECK (
check_name IN VARCHAR2,
--> 要调用的检查的名称,从V$HM_CHECK和V$HM_CHECK_PARAM视图查看，SELECT name FROM V$HM_CHECK WHERE INTERNAL_CHECK = ‘N‘检索可由用户手动运行的检查列表 ；
run_name IN VARCHAR2 := NULL,
-->运行检查的名称，可不指定。
timeout IN NUMBER := NULL,
-->运行的最长时间（以秒为单位），可不指定。
input_params IN VARCHAR2 := NULL);
-->由名称，值对组成，由特殊字符‘;‘分割。具体值通过v$hm_check_param ，v$hm_check视图确定。1)运行DBMS_HM.RUN_CHECK
BEGIN
DBMS_HM.RUN_CHECK(‘Dictionary Integrity Check‘, ‘Dict_Check‘);
END;
/用法参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e40758/d_hm.htm#ARPLS66419
2)SQLPLUS中查看报告
SQL> SET LONG 100000
SQL> SET LONGCHUNKSIZE 1000
SQL> SET PAGESIZE 1000
SQL> SET LINESIZE 512
SQL> SELECT DBMS_HM.GET_RUN_REPORT(‘Dict_Check‘) FROM DUAL;
DBMS_HM.GET_RUN_REPORT(‘DICTCHECK‘)
---------------------------------------------------------
Basic Run Information
Run Name : Dict Check
Run Id : 55001
Check Name : Dictionary Integrity Check
Mode : MANUAL
Status : COMPLETED
Start Time : 2019-07-03 09:49:44.365864 +08:00
End Time : 2019-07-03 09:50:04.668621 +08:00
Error Encountered : 0
Source Incident Id : 0
Number of Incidents Created : 0
Input Paramters for the Run
TABLE_NAME=ALL_CORE_TABLES
CHECK_MASK=ALL
v
Run Findings And Recommendations
Finding
Finding Name : Dictionary Inconsistency
Finding ID : 55002
Type : FAILURE
Status : OPEN
Priority : CRITICAL
Message : SQL dictionary health check: analyzetime for object new than
sysdate 12 on object TAB$ failed
Message : Damaged rowid is AAAAACAABAAAACRAAC - description: Object
SYS.UNDO$ is referenced
Finding
Finding Name : Dictionary Inconsistency
Finding ID : 55005
Type : FAILURE
Status : OPEN
Priority : CRITICAL
Message : SQL dictionary health check: analyzetime for object new than
sysdate 12 on object TAB$ failed
Message : Damaged rowid is AAAAACAABAAAACVAAA - description: Object
SYS.SEQ$ is referenced
3)adrci中查看报告
ADRCI: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jul 3 09:52:43 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
ADR base = "/u01/app/oracle"
adrci> show hm_run
ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/prodb/listener:
*************************************************************************
...
**********************************************************
HM RUN RECORD 130
**********************************************************
RUN_ID 56581
RUN_NAME Dict_Check
CHECK_NAME Dictionary Integrity Check
NAME_ID 24
MODE 0
START_TIME 2019-07-03 09:58:40.350313 +08:00
RESUME_TIME <NULL>
END_TIME 2019-07-03 09:58:56.425829 +08:00
MODIFIED_TIME 2019-07-03 09:58:56.425829 +08:00
TIMEOUT 0
FLAGS 0
STATUS 5
SRC_INCIDENT_ID 0
NUM_INCIDENTS 0
ERR_NUMBER 0
REPORT_FILE <NULL>
adrci> create report hm_run Dict_Check
adrci> show report hm_run Dict_Check
...
adrci> show hm_run
**********************************************************
HM RUN RECORD 130
**********************************************************
RUN_ID 56581
RUN_NAME Dict_Check
CHECK_NAME Dictionary Integrity Check
NAME_ID 24
MODE 0
START_TIME 2019-07-03 09:58:40.350313 +08:00
RESUME_TIME <NULL>
END_TIME 2019-07-03 09:58:56.425829 +08:00
MODIFIED_TIME 2019-07-03 09:59:40.845354 +08:00
TIMEOUT 0
FLAGS 0
STATUS 5
SRC_INCIDENT_ID 0
NUM_INCIDENTS 0
ERR_NUMBER 0
REPORT_FILE /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/PROD/PROD/hm/HMREPORT_Dict_Check.hm
已生成REPORT_FILE，xml格式。其他：
每个类型的检查参数可能会不一样，如数据块完整性检查：
begin
DBMS_HM.RUN_CHECK(‘Data Block Integrity Check‘,
‘f7_block_check‘,
input_params => ‘BLC_DF_NUM=7;BLC_BL_NUM=100‘);
end;
/具体参数：
SELECT a.*
FROM v$hm_check_param a, v$hm_check b
WHERE a.check_id = b.id
AND b.name = ‘Data Block Integrity Check‘;
原文地址：https://blog.51cto.com/hunt1574/2419966