说明：本人在学练习天天生鲜项目时，对利用类视图去与正则匹配到的url做映射有点疑惑，经过查看他人博客以及自我分析算是整明白了，所以记录一下
参考：https://www.zmrenwu.com/post/53/
HTTP发送请求的方式有很多种，这里以POST，GET为例。当在浏览器中输入url地址时（如http://127.0.0.1:8000/userr/register）
会进行正则匹配，并映射到ActiveView.as_view()，其最终达到能将注册页面显示出来的效果，原因如下：
class RegisterView(View):
‘‘‘注册‘‘‘
def get(self, request):
‘‘‘显示注册页面‘‘‘
return render(request, ‘register.html‘)
def post(self, request):
‘‘‘进行注册处理‘‘‘
‘‘‘进行注册处理‘‘‘
# 接收数据
username = request.POST.get(‘user_name‘)
password = request.POST.get(‘pwd‘)
email = request.POST.get(‘email‘)
allow = request.POST.get(‘allow‘)
# 进行数据处理
if not all([username, password, email]):
return render(request, ‘register.html‘, {‘errmsg‘: ‘数据不完整‘})
# 校验邮箱
if not re.match(r‘^[a-z0-9][\w.\-]*@[a-z0-9\-]+(\.[a-z]{2,5}){1,2}$‘, email):
return render(request, ‘register.html‘, {‘errmsg‘: ‘邮箱格式不正确‘})
# 校验协议
if allow != ‘on‘:
return render(request, ‘register.html‘, {‘errmsg‘: ‘请同意协议‘})
# 校验用户名是否重复
try:
user = User.objects.get(username=username)
except User.DoesNotExist:
# 用户不存在
user = None
# 进行业务处理： 进行用户注册
user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password)
user.is_active = 0
user.save()
# 发送激活邮件
serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, 3600)
info = {‘confirm‘:user.id}
token = serializer.dumps(info) # bytes
token = token.decode()
# 发邮箱
send_register_active_email.delay(email, username, token)
# subject = ‘天天生鲜欢迎信息‘
# message = ‘‘
# sender = settings.EMAIL_FROM
# receiver = [email]
# html_message = ‘<h1>%s, 欢迎您成为天天生鲜注册会员</h1>请点击下面链接激活您的账户<br/><a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/userr/active/%s">http://127.0.0.1:8000/userr/active/%s</a>‘ % (
# username, token, token)
# send_mail(subject, message, sender, receiver, html_message=html_message)
# 返回应答，跳转到首页
return redirect(reverse(‘goods:index‘))
RegisterView类中并没有as_view()方法，但其父类View中有as_view()方法，所以父类的此方法就被调用，父类View原码如下
class View(object):
"""
Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements
dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.
"""
http_method_names = [‘get‘, ‘post‘, ‘put‘, ‘patch‘, ‘delete‘, ‘head‘, ‘options‘, ‘trace‘]
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
keyword arguments, and other things.
"""
# Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
# instance, or raise an error.
for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
setattr(self, key, value)
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""
Main entry point for a request-response process.
"""
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
"keyword argument to %s(). Don‘t do that."
% (key, cls.__name__))
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
if hasattr(self, ‘get‘) and not hasattr(self, ‘head‘):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
# take name and docstring from class
update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
# and possible attributes set by decorators
# like csrf_exempt from dispatch
update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
return view
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn‘t exist,
# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
# request method isn‘t on the approved list.
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
logger.warning(
‘Method Not Allowed (%s): %s‘, request.method, request.path,
extra={‘status_code‘: 405, ‘request‘: request}
)
return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())
def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Handles responding to requests for the OPTIONS HTTP verb.
"""
response = http.HttpResponse()
response[‘Allow‘] = ‘, ‘.join(self._allowed_methods())
response[‘Content-Length‘] = ‘0‘
return response
def _allowed_methods(self):
return [m.upper() for m in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, m)]
dispatch()方法实现的功能如下：
首先它通过 request.method （即 HTTP 请求的方法）判断请求的方法是否是被 HTTP 协议所允许的。如果不合法，就会调用错误处理函数 self.http_method_not_allowed；如果请求方法是合法的，就会试图根据 request.method 去类中寻到对应的处理方法，如果找不到则还是委托给 self.http_method_not_allowed 处理。
代码实现过程：
当在浏览器中输入url地址时（如http://127.0.0.1:8000/userr/register），经过正则匹配以及映射关系，首先调用View.as_view()方法，接着调用as_view()方法中的view（）方法，view()方法进一步调用View类内的dispatch()方法。，在dispatch()方法中，request.method判断出HTTP请求的方法为GET，request.method.lower()将GET转换为get，getattr方法将得到的get负值给handler，然后通过return handler（）调用handler（）方法，即为RegisterView类中的get（）方法，而get()方法会返回模板中的html文件（即register.html）。其返回的结果依次return给方法的调用者，最终返回给View.as_view()方法的结果是模板中的register.html文件，即能显示出注册页面，如下
当点击注册时（填好相关信息），此时HTTP的请求方式变成POST，同理，最终也能显示出相应的页面（此处为显示首页）
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jj1106/p/10995309.html