1.os模块
2.os.path 模块
3.实例
1. os模块
对文件系统的访问大多通过python的os模块实现,其中os
模块负责大部分的文件系统操作,包括删除/重命名文件,遍历目
录树,管理文件访问权限等。
2.os.path 模块,os.path完成一些针对路径名的操作,包括管理和操作文件路径名中的各个部分,获取文件或子目录信息,文件路径查询等操作。
3.实例
3.1 实例1:os模块和path模块接口使用
# encoding:utf-8
‘‘‘
Created on 2014-6-5@author: Administrator
‘‘‘import os
if __name__ == "__main__":
for tempdir in (‘/tmp‘, r‘c:\temp‘):
if os.path.isdir(tempdir):
breakelse:
print "no temp directory is available"
tempdir = ‘‘if tempdir:
os.chdir(tempdir)
cwd = os.getcwd()
print "***current temporary directory***"
print cwdprint "***creating example directory..."
os.mkdir("example")
os.chdir("example")
cwd = os.getcwd()
print "***new working directory..."
print cwdprint "***original directory listing:"
print os.listdir(cwd)print "***creating test file"
fobj = open("test", "w")
fobj.write("%s%s" % ("line1", os.linesep))
fobj.write("%s%s" % ("line2", os.linesep))
fobj.close()print "***updating directory listing:"
print os.listdir(cwd)print "***renaming test to filetest.txt"
os.rename("test", "filetest.txt")print "***updating directory listing:"
print os.listdir(cwd)path = os.path.join(cwd, os.listdir(cwd)[0])
print "***full file pathname:"
print pathprint "***(pathname,basename)="
print os.path.split(path)
print "***(filename,extension)="
print "***basename:", os.path.basename(path)
print os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))print "***displaying file contents:"
fobj = open(path)
for eachline in fobj:
print eachline
fobj.close()print "***deleting test file"
os.remove(path)
print "***updating directory listing:"
print os.listdir(cwd)print "deleting test directory"
os.chdir(os.pardir)
os.rmdir("example")print "***Done!"
name = raw_input(u"请输入名字:".encode("gbk"))
count=1;
for mytuple in os.walk(name, True):
print "%s:%s" %(count,mytuple[0])
count=count+1
print "%s:%s" %(count,mytuple[1])
count=count+1
print "%s:%s" %(count,mytuple[2])
count=count+1
3.2 实例2:目录文件深度遍历
"""文件目录深度遍历"""
def listdir(mydir, myfile):
global fmt
global filenum
lists = os.listdir(mydir) # 列出目录下的所有文件和目录
for line in lists:
filepath = os.path.join(mydir, line)
if os.path.isdir(filepath): # 如果filepath是目录,则再列出该目录下的所有文件
myfile.write(fmt + line.decode("gbk") + ‘\\‘ + ‘\n‘)
print fmt + line.decode("gbk") + ‘\\‘ + ‘\n‘,
filenum = filenum + 1# 格式化输出目录
tmp = fmt
fmt = fmt + 4 * "-"
listdir(filepath, myfile)
fmt = tmp
else: # 如果filepath是文件,直接列出文件名
myfile.write(fmt + line.decode("gbk") + ‘\n‘) # 显示中文文件
print fmt + line.decode("gbk") + ‘\n‘,
filenum = filenum + 1if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
mydir = raw_input(‘please input the path:‘)
listfile = open(‘listfile.txt‘, ‘w‘)
listfile.write(str(mydir).decode("gbk") + ‘\n‘)
listdir(str(mydir), listfile)
listfile.write(‘all the file num is ‘ + str(filenum))
listfile.close()
结果:
E:\KuGou
----Beyond - 不再犹豫.mp3
----Beyond - 喜欢你.mp3
----Beyond - 无尽空虚.mp3
----Beyond - 海阔天空.mp3
----Beyond - 谁伴我闯荡.mp3
----Beyond、黄家驹 - 海阔天空.m4a
----Cache--------3eb439fd4096a2b76ae8c1020f6c4007.kg!
----Lyric--------Beyond - 不再犹豫-2bcba2349cd515bf1110613c9a44acf9.krc
--------Beyond - 光辉岁月-4dc283c7ac7bd5d9bf9b72f167d4ec7d.krc
--------Beyond - 喜欢你-a48d906b0210cefc2d5d12353d3e7488.krc
--------Beyond - 无尽空虚-6ade279c2a7da6ce893e581ff22f7817.krc
--------Beyond - 海阔天空-f87ab6af058e9c5864a81a78e9f62967.krc
--------吴雨霏 - 今夜烟花灿烂-5810060a70bf1f583f92eb5d541d65e4.krc
--------周华健 - 让我欢喜让我忧-71c82c68ebab8ca9f97f460e7e8a58fa.krc
----Temp--------1d4182a7b02d9ea3185ddbbdece48473.kgtemp
--------2bcba2349cd515bf1110613c9a44acf9.kgtemp
--------4dc283c7ac7bd5d9bf9b72f167d4ec7d.kgtemp
----五月天 - 我不愿让你一个人.mp3
----刘德华 - 一起走过的日子.mp3
----刘德华 - 冰雨.mp3
----刘德华 - 北国之春.mp3
all the file num is 96
3.3 实例3: os.walk 目录树
"""文件目录广度遍历"""
def walkdir(mydir,fileinfo,topdown=True):
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(mydir, topdown):
for name in files:
print(name)
fileinfo.write(name + ‘\n‘)
for name in dirs:
print(os.path.join(name))
fileinfo.write(os.path.join(root,name) + ‘\n‘)if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
mydir = raw_input(‘please input the path:‘)
walkfile = open(‘walkfile.txt‘, ‘w‘)
walkfile.write(str(mydir).decode("gbk") + ‘\n‘)
walkdir(str(mydir), walkfile)
walkfile.close()
说明:
1、raw_input
接收中文路径输入,在windows下需要保证eclipse控制台设置编码为GBK,具体设置为,右键单击需要运行的python文件,选择Run
as-----Run configurations
设置Common编码为GBK,否则raw_input 结果为乱码
2.
保存文件路径名到文件中时,需要使用str.encode(“gbk”)的encode方式,同时保证写入文件路径名的文件格式为GBK,否则可能出现中文乱码
3.os.walk()调用的返回结果为一个对象,其中每个元素为一个三元组,三元组分别为(目录,子目录,目录下文件),(子目录,子目录下的子目录,子目录下的文件)……