环境：ubuntu+terminal（前面这几步是上次的重复，可略过）
1、建立工程和应用：
[email protected]:/home/uu# mkdir work [email protected]:/home/uu# cd work [email protected]:/home/uu/work# django-admin.py startproject csct06 [email protected]:/home/uu/work# cd csct06/ [email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# django-admin.py startapp blog [email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ls blog csct06 manage.py
2、完成基本设置：
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# vim csct06/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
‘django.contrib.admin‘,
‘django.contrib.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
‘django.contrib.messages‘,
‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
‘blog‘,
)
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘,
‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘),
}
}
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# vim blog/models.py
from django.db import models
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
3、同步数据库：
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ls blog csct06 manage.py [email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# python manage.py syncdb 。。。。。 Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table blog_author Creating table blog_book_authors Creating table blog_book You just installed Django‘s auth system, which means you don‘t have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username (leave blank to use ‘root‘): uu Email address: [email protected] Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
绿色部分为生成的数据库，生成的数据文件为db.sqlite3：
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ls blog csct06 db.sqlite3 manage.py
遇到了一个小问题,以前常用mysql的,
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# sqlite3 db.sqlite3
程序“sqlite3”尚未安装。 您可以使用以下命令安装：
apt-get install sqlite3
按照提示做就行了，
#apt-get install sqlite3
。。。
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# sqlite3 db.sqlite3
SQLite version 3.8.2 2013-12-06 14:53:30
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
sqlite>
好了，可以操作数据库了。
4、操作数据库：
·1查看生成的数据库表：
sqlite> .tables auth_group blog_author auth_group_permissions blog_book auth_permission blog_book_authors auth_user django_admin_log auth_user_groups django_content_type auth_user_user_permissions django_session sqlite>
·2进入解释器，对数据进行整理
1）遇到一个小问题：
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ipython manage.py shell
程序“ipython”尚未安装。 您可以使用以下命令安装：
apt-get install ipython
按照操作进行，
#apt-get install ipython
出故障了，
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ipython manage.py shell
Usage: manage.py subcommand [options] [args]
Options:
-v VERBOSITY, --verbosity=VERBOSITY
Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
--settings=SETTINGS The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
"myproject.settings.main". If this isn‘t provided, the
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
used.
--pythonpath=PYTHONPATH
A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
"/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
--traceback Raise on exception
--version show program‘s version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
Type ‘manage.py help <subcommand>‘ for help on a specific subcommand.
Available subcommands:
[auth]
changepassword
createsuperuser
[django]
check
cleanup
compilemessages
createcachetable
dbshell
diffsettings
dumpdata
flush
inspectdb
loaddata
makemessages
runfcgi
shell
sql
sqlall
sqlclear
sqlcustom
sqldropindexes
sqlflush
sqlindexes
sqlinitialdata
sqlsequencereset
startapp
startproject
syncdb
test
testserver
validate
[sessions]
clearsessions
[staticfiles]
collectstatic
findstatic
runserver
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ls
blog csct06 db.sqlite3 manage.py
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ip
ip ipod-read-sysinfo-extended
ip6tables ipod-time-sync
ip6tables-apply ippfind
ip6tables-restore ipptool
ip6tables-save iproxy
ipcluster iptables
ipcmk iptables-apply
ipcontroller iptables-restore
ipcrm iptables-save
ipcs iptables-xml
ipengine iptunnel
iplogger ipython
ipmaddr ipython2.7
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# ipython2.7 manage.py shell
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/frontend.py:30: UserWarning: The top-level `frontend` package has been deprecated. All its subpackages have been moved to the top `IPython` level.
warn("The top-level `frontend` package has been deprecated. "
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MultipleInstanceError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/utils/py3compat.pyc in execfile(fname, *where)
202 else:
203 filename = fname
--> 204 __builtin__.execfile(filename, *where)
/home/uu/work/csct06/manage.py in <module>()
8 from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
9
---> 10 execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.pyc in execute_from_command_line(argv)
397 """
398 utility = ManagementUtility(argv)
--> 399 utility.execute()
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.pyc in execute(self)
390 sys.stdout.write(self.main_help_text() + ‘\n‘)
391 else:
--> 392 self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
393
394 def execute_from_command_line(argv=None):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.pyc in run_from_argv(self, argv)
240 handle_default_options(options)
241 try:
--> 242 self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
243 except Exception as e:
244 if options.traceback or not isinstance(e, CommandError):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.pyc in execute(self, *args, **options)
283 if self.requires_model_validation and not options.get(‘skip_validation‘):
284 self.validate()
--> 285 output = self.handle(*args, **options)
286 if output:
287 if self.output_transaction:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.pyc in handle(self, *args, **options)
413 if args:
414 raise CommandError("Command doesn‘t accept any arguments")
--> 415 return self.handle_noargs(**options)
416
417 def handle_noargs(self, **options):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/shell.pyc in handle_noargs(self, **options)
79 raise ImportError
80
---> 81 self.run_shell(shell=interface)
82 except ImportError:
83 import code
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/shell.pyc in run_shell(self, shell)
59 for shell in available_shells:
60 try:
---> 61 return getattr(self, shell)()
62 except ImportError:
63 pass
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/shell.pyc in ipython(self)
42 for ip in (self._ipython, self._ipython_pre_100, self._ipython_pre_011):
43 try:
---> 44 ip()
45 except ImportError:
46 pass
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/shell.pyc in _ipython(self)
36 """Start IPython >= 1.0"""
37 from IPython import start_ipython
---> 38 start_ipython(argv=[])
39
40 def ipython(self):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/__init__.pyc in start_ipython(argv, **kwargs)
116 """
117 from IPython.terminal.ipapp import launch_new_instance
--> 118 return launch_new_instance(argv=argv, **kwargs)
119
120 def start_kernel(argv=None, **kwargs):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/config/application.pyc in launch_instance(cls, argv, **kwargs)
542 """
543 try:
--> 544 app = cls.instance(**kwargs)
545 app.initialize(argv)
546 app.start()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/IPython/config/configurable.pyc in instance(cls, *args, **kwargs)
358 raise MultipleInstanceError(
359 ‘Multiple incompatible subclass instances of ‘
--> 360 ‘%s are being created.‘ % cls.__name__
361 )
362
MultipleInstanceError: Multiple incompatible subclass instances of TerminalIPythonApp are being created.
命令出错了，因该是以下命令：
# python manage.py shell
创建四个作者：
[email protected]:/home/uu/work/csct06# python manage.py shell Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) 。。。。 下面开始执行操作： In [1]: from blog.models import Author,Book In [2]: Author.objects.create(name=‘Tom1‘) Out[2]: <Author: Tom1> In [3]: Author.objects.create(name=‘Tom2‘) Out[3]: <Author: Tom2> In [4]: Author.objects.create(name=‘Bob1‘) Out[4]: <Author: Bob1> In [5]: Author.objects.create(name=‘Bob2‘) Out[5]: <Author: Bob2>
In [8]: auhtors = Author.objects.all() 这里出错了 In [9]: authors --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NameError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-9-07dd264ecf4d> in <module>() ----> 1 authors NameError: name ‘authors‘ is not defined 按照下面的步骤走，可以解决直接查询所有作者： In [11]: Author.objects.all() Out[11]: [<Author: Tom1>, <Author: Tom2>, <Author: Bob1>, <Author: Bob2>] 通过赋值查询所有结果： In [12]: author = Author.objects.all() In [13]: author Out[13]: [<Author: Tom1>, <Author: Tom2>, <Author: Bob1>, <Author: Bob2>]
In [14]: b1 = Book() 获取b1对象 In [15]: b1.name = ‘Java‘ 添加第一本书:Java In [16]: b1.save() 用sava方法保存
为书Java添加作者： In [20]: tom1 = Author.objects.get(name_exact=‘Tom1‘) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- FieldError Traceback (most recent call last) 。。。 name_exact方法出错，处理： In [21]: tom1 = Author.objects.get(name=‘Tom1‘)In [22]: tom1Out[22]: <Author: Tom1>添加第一个作者：In [23]: b1.authors.add(tom1)添加成功：In [24]: b1.authors.all()Out[24]: [<Author: Tom1>] 添加第二个作者：In [26]: b1.authors.add(author[2])In [27]: b1.authors.all()Out[27]: [<Author: Tom1>, <Author: Bob1>]第三个作者，注意一下下标：In [28]: b1.authors.add(author[1])In [29]: b1.authors.all()Out[29]: [<Author: Tom1>, <Author: Tom2>, <Author: Bob1>] 删除一个作者，调用remove方法：In [30]: b1.authors.remove(tom1)用all方法进行全部查询：In [31]: b1.authors.all()Out[31]: [<Author: Tom2>, <Author: Bob1>]用filter方法进行局部查询：In [31]: b1.authors.all()Out[31]: [<Author: Tom2>, <Author: Bob1>]这里已经删除了Tom1这个作者，所以查询不到：In [32]: b1.authors.filter(name=‘Tom1‘)Out[32]: [] In [33]: b1.authors.filter(name=‘Tom2‘)Out[33]: [<Author: Tom2>]
In [34]: tom1 tom1对象前面已经获取了 Out[34]: <Author: Tom1> In [35]: tom1.book_set.all() set是一个集合，也可以看成一个对象 Out[35]: [] In [36]: tom1.book_set.add(b1) 同样用add方法为作者添加一本书，就是前面的书Java In [40]: tom1.book_set.create(name="python") 添加第二本书Out[40]: <Book: python> In [41]: tom1.book_set.all() 共为tom1添加了两本书Out[41]: [<Book: Java>, <Book: python>] In [42]: book = Book.objects.all() 查看书的集合In [43]: bookOut[43]: [<Book: Java>, <Book: python>] In [44]: tom1.book_set.remove(book[0]) 移除一本书 In [45]: tom1.book_set.all()Out[45]: [<Book: python>] In [46]:
各种模块学习大全：
http://blog.csdn.net/lcyangcss/article/details/7249961
时间： 2024-10-10 18:41:46