1 /*
2
3 Dynamic tree generation and placement in a night-time scene
4
5 Demonstrates:
6
7 How to create a height map and splat map from scratch to use for realistic terrain
8 How to use fratacl algorithms to create a custom tree-generating geometry primitive
9 How to save GPU memory by cloning complex.
10
11 Code by Rob Bateman & Alejadro Santander
12 [email protected]
13 http://www.infiniteturtles.co.uk
14 Alejandro Santander
15 http://www.lidev.com.ar/
16
17 This code is distributed under the MIT License
18
19 Copyright (c) The Away Foundation http://www.theawayfoundation.org
20
21 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
22 of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal
23 in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
24 to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
25 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
26 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
27
28 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
29 all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
30
31 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
32 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
33 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
34 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
35 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
36 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
37 THE SOFTWARE.
38
39 */
40
41 package
42 {
43
44 import away3d.cameras.*;
45 import away3d.containers.*;
46 import away3d.controllers.*;
47 import away3d.debug.*;
48 import away3d.entities.*;
49 import away3d.extrusions.*;
50 import away3d.lights.*;
51 import away3d.materials.*;
52 import away3d.materials.lightpickers.*;
53 import away3d.materials.methods.*;
54 import away3d.primitives.*;
55 import away3d.textures.*;
56 import away3d.utils.*;
57
58 import com.bit101.components.Label;
59
60 import flash.display.*;
61 import flash.events.*;
62 import flash.filters.*;
63 import flash.geom.*;
64 import flash.ui.*;
65 import flash.utils.*;
66
67 import uk.co.soulwire.gui.*;
68
69
70 [SWF(backgroundColor="#000000", frameRate="30", quality="LOW")]
71
72 public class Advanced_FractalTreeDemo extends Sprite
73 {
74 //signature swf
75 [Embed(source="/../embeds/signature.swf", symbol="Signature")]
76 public var SignatureSwf:Class;
77
78 //skybox
79 [Embed(source="/../embeds/skybox/grimnight_posX.png")]
80 private var EnvPosX:Class;
81 [Embed(source="/../embeds/skybox/grimnight_posY.png")]
82 private var EnvPosY:Class;
83 [Embed(source="/../embeds/skybox/grimnight_posZ.png")]
84 private var EnvPosZ:Class;
85 [Embed(source="/../embeds/skybox/grimnight_negX.png")]
86 private var EnvNegX:Class;
87 [Embed(source="/../embeds/skybox/grimnight_negY.png")]
88 private var EnvNegY:Class;
89 [Embed(source="/../embeds/skybox/grimnight_negZ.png")]
90 private var EnvNegZ:Class;
91
92 //tree diffuse map
93 [Embed (source="../embeds/tree/bark0.jpg")]
94 public var TrunkDiffuse:Class;
95
96 //tree normal map
97 [Embed (source="../embeds/tree/barkNRM.png")]
98 public var TrunkNormals:Class;
99
100 //tree specular map
101 [Embed (source="../embeds/tree/barkSPEC.png")]
102 public var TrunkSpecular:Class;
103
104 //leaf diffuse map
105 [Embed (source="../embeds/tree/leaf4.jpg")]
106 public var LeafDiffuse:Class;
107
108 //splat texture maps
109 [Embed(source="/../embeds/terrain/grass.jpg")]
110 private var Grass:Class;
111 [Embed(source="/../embeds/terrain/rock.jpg")]
112 private var Rock:Class;
113
114 //engine variables
115 private var scene:Scene3D;
116 private var camera:Camera3D;
117 private var view:View3D;
118 private var awayStats:AwayStats;
119 private var cameraController:HoverController;
120
121 //signature variables
122 private var Signature:Sprite;
123 private var SignatureBitmap:Bitmap;
124
125 //light objects
126 private var moonLight:DirectionalLight;
127 private var cameraLight:PointLight;
128 private var skyLight:DirectionalLight;
129 private var lightPicker:StaticLightPicker;
130 private var fogMethod:FogMethod;
131
132 //material objects
133 private var heightMapData:BitmapData;
134 private var blendBitmapData:BitmapData;
135 private var destPoint:Point = new Point();
136 private var blendTexture:BitmapTexture;
137 private var terrainMethod:TerrainDiffuseMethod;
138 private var terrainMaterial:TextureMaterial;
139 private var trunkMaterial:TextureMaterial;
140 private var leafMaterial:TextureMaterial;
141 private var cubeTexture:BitmapCubeTexture;
142
143 //scene objects
144 private var terrain:Elevation;
145 private var tree:Mesh;
146 private var foliage:Mesh;
147 private var gui:SimpleGUI;
148
149 //navigation variables
150 private var move:Boolean = false;
151 private var lastPanAngle:Number;
152 private var lastTiltAngle:Number;
153 private var lastMouseX:Number;
154 private var lastMouseY:Number;
155 private var tiltSpeed:Number = 2;
156 private var panSpeed:Number = 2;
157 private var distanceSpeed:Number = 1000;
158 private var tiltIncrement:Number = 0;
159 private var panIncrement:Number = 0;
160 private var distanceIncrement:Number = 0;
161
162 //gui objects
163 private var treeCountLabel:Label;
164 private var polyCountLabel:Label;
165 private var terrainPolyCountLabel:Label;
166 private var treePolyCountLabel:Label;
167
168 //tree configuration variables
169 private var treeLevel:uint = 10;
170 private var treeCount:uint = 25;
171 private var treeTimer:Timer;
172 private var treeDelay:uint = 0;
173 private var treeSize:Number = 1000;
174 private var treeMin:Number = 0.75;
175 private var treeMax:Number = 1.25;
176
177 //foliage configuration variables
178 private var leafSize:Number = 300;
179 private var leavesPerCluster:uint = 5;
180 private var leafClusterRadius:Number = 400;
181
182 //terrain configuration variables
183 private var terrainY:Number = -10000;
184 private var terrainWidth:Number = 200000;
185 private var terrainHeight:Number = 50000;
186 private var terrainDepth:Number = 200000;
187
188 private var currentTreeCount:uint;
189 private var polyCount:uint;
190 private var terrainPolyCount:uint;
191 private var treePolyCount:uint;
192 private var clonesCreated:Boolean;
193
194 public var minAperture:Number = 0.4;
195 public var maxAperture:Number = 0.5;
196 public var minTwist:Number = 0.3;
197 public var maxTwist:Number = 0.6;
198
199 /**
200 * Constructor
201 */
202 public function Advanced_FractalTreeDemo()
203 {
204 init();
205 }
206
207 /**
208 * Global initialise function
209 */
210 private function init():void
211 {
212 initEngine();
213 initLights();
214 initMaterials();
215 initObjects();
216 initGUI();
217 initListeners();
218 }
219
220 /**
221 * Initialise the engine
222 */
223 private function initEngine():void
224 {
225 stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;
226 stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;
227
228 view = new View3D();
229 scene = view.scene;
230 camera = view.camera;
231 camera.lens.far = 1000000;
232
233 //setup controller to be used on the camera
234 cameraController = new HoverController(camera, null, 0, 10, 25000, 0, 70);
235
236 view.addSourceURL("srcview/index.html");
237 addChild(view);
238
239 //add signature
240 Signature = Sprite(new SignatureSwf());
241 SignatureBitmap = new Bitmap(new BitmapData(Signature.width, Signature.height, true, 0));
242 stage.quality = StageQuality.HIGH;
243 SignatureBitmap.bitmapData.draw(Signature);
244 stage.quality = StageQuality.LOW;
245 addChild(SignatureBitmap);
246
247 awayStats = new AwayStats(view);
248 addChild(awayStats);
249 }
250
251 /**
252 * Initialise the lights
253 */
254 private function initLights():void
255 {
256 moonLight = new DirectionalLight();
257 moonLight.position = new Vector3D(3500, 4500, 10000); // Appear to come from the moon in the sky box.
258 moonLight.lookAt(new Vector3D(0, 0, 0));
259 moonLight.diffuse = 0.5;
260 moonLight.specular = 0.25;
261 moonLight.color = 0xFFFFFF;
262 scene.addChild(moonLight);
263 cameraLight = new PointLight();
264 cameraLight.diffuse = 0.25;
265 cameraLight.specular = 0.25;
266 cameraLight.color = 0xFFFFFF;
267 cameraLight.radius = 1000;
268 cameraLight.fallOff = 2000;
269 scene.addChild(cameraLight);
270 skyLight = new DirectionalLight();
271 skyLight.diffuse = 0.1;
272 skyLight.specular = 0.1;
273 skyLight.color = 0xFFFFFF;
274 scene.addChild(skyLight);
275
276 lightPicker = new StaticLightPicker([moonLight, cameraLight, skyLight]);
277
278 //create a global fog method
279 fogMethod = new FogMethod(0, 200000, 0x000000);
280 }
281
282 /**
283 * Initialise the material
284 */
285 private function initMaterials():void
286 {
287 //create skybox texture
288 cubeTexture = new BitmapCubeTexture(Cast.bitmapData(EnvPosX), Cast.bitmapData(EnvNegX), Cast.bitmapData(EnvPosY), Cast.bitmapData(EnvNegY), Cast.bitmapData(EnvPosZ), Cast.bitmapData(EnvNegZ));
289
290 //create tree material
291 trunkMaterial = new TextureMaterial(Cast.bitmapTexture(TrunkDiffuse));
292 trunkMaterial.normalMap = Cast.bitmapTexture(TrunkNormals);
293 trunkMaterial.specularMap = Cast.bitmapTexture(TrunkSpecular);
294 trunkMaterial.diffuseMethod = new BasicDiffuseMethod();
295 trunkMaterial.specularMethod = new BasicSpecularMethod();
296 trunkMaterial.addMethod(fogMethod);
297 trunkMaterial.lightPicker = lightPicker;
298
299 //create leaf material
300 leafMaterial = new TextureMaterial(Cast.bitmapTexture(LeafDiffuse));
301 leafMaterial.addMethod(fogMethod);
302 leafMaterial.lightPicker = lightPicker;
303
304 //create height map
305 heightMapData = new BitmapData(512, 512, false, 0x0);
306 heightMapData.perlinNoise(200, 200, 4, uint(1000*Math.random()), false, true, 7, true);
307 heightMapData.draw(createGradientSprite(512, 512, 1, 0));
308
309 //create terrain diffuse method
310 blendBitmapData = new BitmapData(heightMapData.width, heightMapData.height, false, 0x000000);
311 blendBitmapData.threshold(heightMapData, blendBitmapData.rect, destPoint, ">", 0x444444, 0xFFFF0000, 0xFFFFFF, false);
312 blendBitmapData.applyFilter(blendBitmapData, blendBitmapData.rect, destPoint, new BlurFilter(16, 16, 3));
313 blendTexture = new BitmapTexture(blendBitmapData);
314 terrainMethod = new TerrainDiffuseMethod([Cast.bitmapTexture(Rock)], blendTexture, [20, 20]);
315
316 //create terrain material
317 terrainMaterial = new TextureMaterial(Cast.bitmapTexture(Grass));
318 terrainMaterial.diffuseMethod = terrainMethod;
319 terrainMaterial.addMethod(new FogMethod(0, 200000, 0x000000)); //TODO: global fog method affects splats when updated
320 terrainMaterial.lightPicker = lightPicker;
321 }
322
323 /**
324 * Initialise the scene objects
325 */
326 private function initObjects():void
327 {
328 //create skybox.
329 scene.addChild(new SkyBox(cubeTexture));
330
331
332
333 //create terrain
334 terrain = new Elevation(terrainMaterial, heightMapData, terrainWidth, terrainHeight, terrainDepth, 65, 65);
335 terrain.y = terrainY;
336 //terrain.smoothHeightMap();
337 scene.addChild(terrain);
338
339 terrainPolyCount = terrain.geometry.subGeometries[0].vertexData.length/3;
340 polyCount += terrainPolyCount;
341 }
342
343 /**
344 * Initialise the GUI
345 */
346 private function initGUI():void
347 {
348 gui = new SimpleGUI(this);
349
350 gui.addColumn("Instructions");
351 var instr:String = "Click and drag to rotate camera.\n\n";
352 instr += "Arrows and WASD also rotate camera.\n\n";
353 instr += "Z and X zoom camera.\n\n";
354 instr += "Create a tree, then clone it to\n";
355 instr += "populate the terrain with trees.\n";
356 gui.addLabel(instr);
357 gui.addColumn("Tree");
358 gui.addSlider("minAperture", 0, 1, {label:"min aperture", tick:0.01});
359 gui.addSlider("maxAperture", 0, 1, {label:"max aperture", tick:0.01});
360 gui.addSlider("minTwist", 0, 1, {label:"min twist", tick:0.01});
361 gui.addSlider("maxTwist", 0, 1, {label:"max twist", tick:0.01});
362 gui.addButton("Generate Fractal Tree", {callback:generateTree, width:160});
363 gui.addColumn("Forest");
364 gui.addButton("Clone!", {callback:generateClones});
365 treeCountLabel = gui.addControl(Label, {text:"trees: 0"}) as Label;
366 polyCountLabel = gui.addControl(Label, {text:"polys: 0"}) as Label;
367 treePolyCountLabel = gui.addControl(Label, {text:"polys/tree: 0"}) as Label;
368 terrainPolyCountLabel = gui.addControl(Label, {text:"polys/terrain: 0"}) as Label;
369 gui.show();
370
371 updateLabels();
372 }
373
374 /**
375 * Initialise the listeners
376 */
377 private function initListeners():void
378 {
379
380 addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);
381 view.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onMouseDown);
382 view.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, onMouseUp);
383 stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE, onResize);
384 stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, onKeyDown);
385 stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, onKeyUp);
386 onResize();
387 }
388
389 public function generateTree():void
390 {
391 if(tree) {
392 currentTreeCount--;
393 scene.removeChild(tree);
394 tree = null;
395 }
396
397 if(foliage) {
398 scene.removeChild(foliage);
399 foliage = null;
400 }
401
402 createTreeShadow(0, 0);
403
404 // Create tree.
405 var treeGeometry:FractalTreeRound = new FractalTreeRound(treeSize, 10, 3, minAperture, maxAperture, minTwist, maxTwist, treeLevel);
406 tree = new Mesh(treeGeometry, trunkMaterial);
407 tree.rotationY = 360*Math.random();
408 tree.y = terrain != null ? terrain.y + terrain.getHeightAt(tree.x, tree.z) : 0;
409 scene.addChild(tree);
410
411 // Create tree leaves.
412 foliage = new Mesh(new Foliage(treeGeometry.leafPositions, leavesPerCluster, leafSize, leafClusterRadius), leafMaterial);
413 foliage.x = tree.x;
414 foliage.y = tree.y;
415 foliage.z = tree.z;
416 foliage.rotationY = tree.rotationY;
417 scene.addChild(foliage);
418
419 // Count.
420 currentTreeCount++;
421 treePolyCount = tree.geometry.subGeometries[0].vertexData.length/3 + foliage.geometry.subGeometries[0].vertexData.length/3;
422 polyCount += treePolyCount;
423 updateLabels();
424 }
425
426 public function generateClones():void
427 {
428 if(!tree || clonesCreated)
429 return;
430
431 // Start tree creation.
432 if(treeCount > 0) {
433 treeTimer = new Timer(treeDelay, treeCount - 1);
434 treeTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, onTreeTimer);
435 treeTimer.start();
436 }
437
438 clonesCreated = true;
439 }
440
441 private function createTreeShadow(x:Number, z:Number):void
442 {
443 // Paint on the terrain‘s shadow blend layer
444 var matrix:Matrix = new Matrix();
445 var dx:Number = (x/terrainWidth + 0.5)*512 - 8;
446 var dy:Number = (-z/terrainDepth + 0.5)*512 - 8;
447 matrix.translate(dx, dy);
448 var treeShadowBitmapData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(16, 16, false, 0x0000FF);
449 treeShadowBitmapData.draw(createGradientSprite(16, 16, 0, 1), matrix);
450 blendBitmapData.draw(treeShadowBitmapData, matrix, null, BlendMode.ADD);
451
452 // Update the terrain.
453 blendTexture.bitmapData = blendBitmapData; // TODO: invalidation routine not active for blending texture
454 }
455
456 private function createGradientSprite(width:Number, height:Number, alpha1:Number, alpha2:Number):Sprite
457 {
458 var gradSpr:Sprite = new Sprite();
459 var matrix:Matrix = new Matrix();
460 matrix.createGradientBox(width, height, 0, 0, 0);
461 gradSpr.graphics.beginGradientFill(GradientType.RADIAL, [0xFF000000, 0xFF000000], [alpha1, alpha2], [0, 255], matrix);
462 gradSpr.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width, height);
463 gradSpr.graphics.endFill();
464 return gradSpr;
465 }
466
467 private function updateLabels():void
468 {
469 treeCountLabel.text = "trees: " + currentTreeCount;
470 polyCountLabel.text = "polys: " + polyCount;
471 treePolyCountLabel.text = "polys/tree: " + treePolyCount;
472 terrainPolyCountLabel.text = "polys/terrain: " + terrainPolyCount;
473 }
474
475 /**
476 * Navigation and render loop
477 */
478 private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void
479 {
480 if (move) {
481 cameraController.panAngle = 0.3*(stage.mouseX - lastMouseX) + lastPanAngle;
482 cameraController.tiltAngle = 0.3*(stage.mouseY - lastMouseY) + lastTiltAngle;
483 }
484
485 cameraController.panAngle += panIncrement;
486 cameraController.tiltAngle += tiltIncrement;
487 cameraController.distance += distanceIncrement;
488
489 // Update light.
490 cameraLight.transform = camera.transform.clone();
491
492 view.render();
493 }
494
495 /**
496 * Key down listener for camera control
497 */
498 private function onKeyDown(event:KeyboardEvent):void
499 {
500 switch (event.keyCode) {
501 case Keyboard.UP:
502 case Keyboard.W:
503 tiltIncrement = tiltSpeed;
504 break;
505 case Keyboard.DOWN:
506 case Keyboard.S:
507 tiltIncrement = -tiltSpeed;
508 break;
509 case Keyboard.LEFT:
510 case Keyboard.A:
511 panIncrement = panSpeed;
512 break;
513 case Keyboard.RIGHT:
514 case Keyboard.D:
515 panIncrement = -panSpeed;
516 break;
517 case Keyboard.Z:
518 distanceIncrement = distanceSpeed;
519 break;
520 case Keyboard.X:
521 distanceIncrement = -distanceSpeed;
522 break;
523 }
524 }
525
526 /**
527 * Key up listener for camera control
528 */
529 private function onKeyUp(event:KeyboardEvent):void
530 {
531 switch (event.keyCode) {
532 case Keyboard.UP:
533 case Keyboard.W:
534 case Keyboard.DOWN:
535 case Keyboard.S:
536 tiltIncrement = 0;
537 break;
538 case Keyboard.LEFT:
539 case Keyboard.A:
540 case Keyboard.RIGHT:
541 case Keyboard.D:
542 panIncrement = 0;
543 break;
544 case Keyboard.Z:
545 case Keyboard.X:
546 distanceIncrement = 0;
547 break;
548 }
549 }
550
551 /**
552 * Mouse down listener for navigation
553 */
554 private function onMouseDown(event:MouseEvent):void
555 {
556 move = true;
557 lastPanAngle = cameraController.panAngle;
558 lastTiltAngle = cameraController.tiltAngle;
559 lastMouseX = stage.mouseX;
560 lastMouseY = stage.mouseY;
561 stage.addEventListener(Event.MOUSE_LEAVE, onStageMouseLeave);
562 }
563
564 /**
565 * Mouse up listener for navigation
566 */
567 private function onMouseUp(event:MouseEvent):void
568 {
569 move = false;
570 stage.removeEventListener(Event.MOUSE_LEAVE, onStageMouseLeave);
571 }
572
573 /**
574 * Mouse stage leave listener for navigation
575 */
576 private function onStageMouseLeave(event:Event):void
577 {
578 move = false;
579 stage.removeEventListener(Event.MOUSE_LEAVE, onStageMouseLeave);
580 }
581
582 /**
583 * stage listener for resize events
584 */
585 private function onResize(event:Event = null):void
586 {
587 view.width = stage.stageWidth;
588 view.height = stage.stageHeight;
589 SignatureBitmap.y = stage.stageHeight - Signature.height;
590 awayStats.x = stage.stageWidth - awayStats.width;
591 }
592
593 /**
594 * stage listener for resize events
595 */
596 private function onTreeTimer(event:TimerEvent):void
597 {
598 //create tree clone.
599 var treeClone:Mesh = tree.clone() as Mesh;
600 treeClone.x = terrainWidth*Math.random() - terrainWidth/2;
601 treeClone.z = terrainDepth*Math.random() - terrainDepth/2;
602 treeClone.y = terrain != null ? terrain.y + terrain.getHeightAt(treeClone.x, treeClone.z) : 0;
603 treeClone.rotationY = 360*Math.random();
604 treeClone.scale((treeMax - treeMin)*Math.random() + treeMin);
605 scene.addChild(treeClone);
606
607 //create foliage clone.
608 var foliageClone:Mesh = foliage.clone() as Mesh;
609 foliageClone.x = treeClone.x;
610 foliageClone.y = treeClone.y;
611 foliageClone.z = treeClone.z;
612 foliageClone.rotationY = treeClone.rotationY;
613 foliageClone.scale(treeClone.scaleX);
614 scene.addChild(foliageClone);
615
616 //create tree shadow clone.
617 createTreeShadow(treeClone.x, treeClone.z);
618
619 //count.
620 currentTreeCount++;
621 polyCount += treePolyCount;
622 updateLabels();
623 }
624
625 }
626 }
注：素材和实例可到官网下载。
时间： 2024-08-04 20:32:47