在安卓四大组件中(Activity、Service、BroadCast、ContentProvider),最常用的当是Activity。因为Activity负责提供直观的页面并响应用户操作。在Activity的布局文件中,通过最外层的ViewGroup(布局)一层层嵌套、布局直至View(控件),组成了丰富多彩的用户页面。如QQ、微信等等。在开发这些页面过程中,难免会遇到一些事件冲突(说人话就是:你想点击的某个布局或控件,发现响应的是另一个布局或控件)的问题。呵呵,怎么办呢?由此引入我们接下来讨论的问题。
手机在响应用户的点击操作时,从Activity入口,遵循着一定的规则将对应的事件交由指定的ViewGroup或者View去响应(消费这个事件)。只有找出了各中规则,日后再次处理这类事件问题时,必定会得心应手。从程序的角度来看,Android提供三个方法处理事件问题dispatchTouchEvent(分发点击事件)、onInterceptTouchEvent(拦截点击事件),onTouchEvent(处理点击事件)。每个方法返回true或false表示是否处理它对应的职责。比如说,如果我拦截了事件,就表示自身要处理该事件,不让别的控件再能接收到事件信号。除了返回true或false之外,还能通过调用父类的方法执行父类的逻辑。简而言之,Activity、ViewGroup、View三个类处理事件,相关的方法依次是dispatchTouchEvent、onInterceptTouchEvent、onTouchEvent以及每个方法的返回可以是true、false和super。其中注意:Activity和View没有拦截事件方法。
编写一个测试demo,布局文件中用LinearLayout嵌套RelativeLayout,最后在RelativeLayout中包含一个Button按钮。依次在每个事件处理方法中,输出log日志。点击按钮测试,通过日志信息分析事件分发流程。下图是布局效果。
为方便描述,定制命名规则:Activity简写A,LinearLayout简写L,RelativeLayout简写R,Button简写B,dispatchTouchEvent简写D,onInterceptTouchEvent简写I,onTouchEvent简写T,返回true简写T,返回false简写F,返回super简写S。如:ADS表示Activity中dispatchTouchEvent方法
return super。
测试方案一:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIS/RTS、BDS/BTS
日志如下:
04-01 12:44:44.402: D/Activity(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.402: D/MyLinearLayout(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.402: D/MyLinearLayout(1234): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.402: D/MyRelativeLayout(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.402: D/MyRelativeLayout(1234): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.402: D/MyButton(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.402: D/MyButton(1234): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/Activity(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/MyLinearLayout(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/MyLinearLayout(1234): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/MyRelativeLayout(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/MyRelativeLayout(1234): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/MyButton(1234): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/MyButton(1234): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 12:44:44.506: D/Button(1234): 点击
整理出如下示意图:三色箭头实线,表示对应方法返回一个值会跳转到下一个方法。其中Button 返回true和返回super都会消费事件,只是返回true就不在就不再响应button的点击事件。
测试方案二:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIS/RTS、BDS/BTF
04-01 14:00:54.970: D/Activity(1387): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyLinearLayout(1387): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyLinearLayout(1387): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyRelativeLayout(1387): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyRelativeLayout(1387): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyButton(1387): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyButton(1387): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyRelativeLayout(1387): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/MyLinearLayout(1387): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:54.970: D/Activity(1387): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:00:55.066: D/Activity(1387): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:00:55.066: D/Activity(1387): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:Button 的onTouchEvent return false时,点击事件会返回到上一层视图。如果一直都没有控件处理这个事件就会交给Activitiy 的onTouchEvent消费。当再传入事件时,不会再按照之前的流程,每个空间均处理一次,而是直接给 Activity 的onTouchEvent消费。就是虚线所指。
测试方案三:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIS/RTS、BDT/BTF
04-01 14:12:47.918: D/Activity(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:12:47.918: D/MyLinearLayout(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:12:47.918: D/MyLinearLayout(1444): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:12:47.918: D/MyRelativeLayout(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:12:47.918: D/MyRelativeLayout(1444): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:12:47.918: D/MyButton(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:12:48.030: D/Activity(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:12:48.030: D/MyLinearLayout(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:12:48.030: D/MyLinearLayout(1444): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:12:48.030: D/MyRelativeLayout(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:12:48.030: D/MyRelativeLayout(1444): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:12:48.030: D/MyButton(1444): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:Button dispatchTouchEvent方法返回true,表示自身需要消费该事件。且不传递给onTouchEvent方法。
测试方案四:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIS/RTS、BDF/BTF
04-01 14:19:40.014: D/Activity(1502): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyLinearLayout(1502): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyLinearLayout(1502): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyRelativeLayout(1502): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyRelativeLayout(1502): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyButton(1502): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyRelativeLayout(1502): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/MyLinearLayout(1502): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.014: D/Activity(1502): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:19:40.022: D/Activity(1502): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:19:40.022: D/Activity(1502): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:Button dispatchTouchEvent方法返回false,事件传递给父控件onTouchEvent方法。
测试方案五:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIS/RTT、BDF/BTF
04-01 14:26:03.306: D/Activity(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.306: D/MyLinearLayout(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.306: D/MyLinearLayout(1561): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.306: D/MyRelativeLayout(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.306: D/MyRelativeLayout(1561): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.306: D/MyButton(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.306: D/MyRelativeLayout(1561): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:26:03.366: D/Activity(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:26:03.366: D/MyLinearLayout(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:26:03.366: D/MyLinearLayout(1561): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:26:03.366: D/MyRelativeLayout(1561): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:26:03.366: D/MyRelativeLayout(1561): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:RelativeLayout 的onTouchEvent方法return true 消费了事件,下次事件生成时,就不传递给Button,直接交由RelativeLayout 的onTouchEvent方法处理。
测试方案六:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIS/RTF、BDF/BTF
04-01 14:39:20.794: D/Activity(1644): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyLinearLayout(1644): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyLinearLayout(1644): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyRelativeLayout(1644): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyRelativeLayout(1644): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyButton(1644): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyRelativeLayout(1644): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/MyLinearLayout(1644): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.798: D/Activity(1644): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 14:39:20.874: D/Activity(1644): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 14:39:20.874: D/Activity(1644): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:RelativeLayout return false,就会将事件传递到上一层控件消费。其中,RelativeLayout onInterceptTouchEvent return false 表示事件也会分发到Button处理。
测试方案七:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDS/RIT/RTF、BDF/BTF
04-01 15:02:41.594: D/Activity(1739): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/MyLinearLayout(1739): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/MyLinearLayout(1739): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/MyRelativeLayout(1739): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/MyRelativeLayout(1739): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/MyRelativeLayout(1739): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/MyLinearLayout(1739): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.594: D/Activity(1739): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:02:41.714: D/Activity(1739): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 15:02:41.714: D/Activity(1739): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:RelativeLayout onInterceptTouchEvent 返回true,表示RelativeLayout 拦截事件信息,Button不会响应事件,事件交由RelativeLayout onTouchEvent处理。
测试方案八:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDT/RIT/RTF、BDF/BTF
04-01 15:27:17.002: D/Activity(1907): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:27:17.002: D/MyLinearLayout(1907): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:27:17.002: D/MyLinearLayout(1907): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:27:17.002: D/MyRelativeLayout(1907): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:27:17.058: D/Activity(1907): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 15:27:17.058: D/MyLinearLayout(1907): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 15:27:17.058: D/MyLinearLayout(1907): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 15:27:17.058: D/MyRelativeLayout(1907): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:RelativeLayout dispatchTouchEvent return true 表示自己消费事件,不再进行传递
测试方案九:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDF/RIT/RTF、BDF/BTF
04-01 15:32:12.138: D/Activity(1965): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:32:12.138: D/MyLinearLayout(1965): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:32:12.138: D/MyLinearLayout(1965): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:32:12.138: D/MyRelativeLayout(1965): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:32:12.138: D/MyLinearLayout(1965): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:32:12.138: D/Activity(1965): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:32:12.250: D/Activity(1965): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 15:32:12.250: D/Activity(1965): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:RelativeLayout dispatchTouchEvent return false 表示不处理事件,交给上层页面处理。
测试方案十:ADT/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDF/RIT/RTF、BDF/BTF
04-01 15:43:24.558: D/Activity(2023): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:43:24.686: D/Activity(2023): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:同ViewGroup和View的 dispatchTouchEvent 方法一样,return true 表示自己消费事件。不同的是,Activity 的dispatchTouchEvent方法return false 也表示自己消费事件。
测试方案十一:ADS/ATS、LDS/LIS/LTS、RDF/RIT/RTF、BDF/BTF
04-01 15:56:51.486: D/Activity(2149): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:56:51.486: D/MyLinearLayout(2149): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:56:51.486: D/MyLinearLayout(2149): onInterceptTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:56:51.486: D/MyRelativeLayout(2149): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:56:51.486: D/MyLinearLayout(2149): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:56:51.486: D/Activity(2149): onTouchEvent ACTION_DOWN 04-01 15:56:51.490: D/Activity(2149): dispatchTouchEvent ACTION_UP 04-01 15:56:51.490: D/Activity(2149): onTouchEvent ACTION_UP
说明:其实,最终只要传递到Activity的onTouchEvent 方法,都会交由它处理事件。
参照之前理解的思路,将整个示意图完善如下:
总结:
1.Activity 的dispatchTouchEvent方法,执行父类dispatchTouchEvent方法时,会将事件分发至ViewGroup,否则自身消费事件。
2.当事件再次传递到Activity 的onTouchEvent方法,表示页面中所有控件都不响应事件,由Activity处理。
3.ViewGroup和View 的dispatchTouchEvent方法,return true表示不分发事件,自身处理。return false就将事件传递给上层控件的onTouchEvent方法,并且不再响应上层控件传递过来的事件。
4.ViewGroup 的onInterceptTouchEvent方法return true表示拦截事件,将事件传递给自身的onTouchEvent方法处理。
5.View 的onTouchEvent 方法return false 表示不消费事件,将事件传递给上层控件的onTouchEvent方法。否则,消费事件。
6.ViewGroup的onTouchEvent 方法return true表示消费事件,否则将事件传递给上层控件或Activity的onTouchEvent方法处理。
7.当控件没有处理事件时,就不再接收下一个事件消息,虚线所示。
最后,祝各位程序猿/媛、码农、攻城狮们愚人节快乐。