1、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限；
[[email protected] skel]# cp -R /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1 [[email protected] skel]# chmod -R 700 /home/tuser1/ [[email protected] skel]# ls -dl /home/tuser1/ drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 9 08:19 /home/tuser1/ [[email protected] skel]# ls -al /home/tuser1/ total 28 drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 9 08:19 . drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 4096 Aug 9 08:19 .. -rwx------. 1 root root 18 Aug 9 08:19 .bash_logout -rwx------. 1 root root 176 Aug 9 08:19 .bash_profile -rwx------. 1 root root 124 Aug 9 08:19 .bashrc drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Aug 9 08:19 .gnome2 drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 9 08:19 .mozilla
2、编辑/etc/group文件，添加组hadoop；
[[email protected] home]# vim /etc/group [[email protected] home]# tail -n 1 /etc/group hadoop:x:505:
3、手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用户hadoop，其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号；其家目录为/home/hadoop；
[[email protected] ~]# tail -n 1 /etc/passwd hadoop:x:505:505::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
4、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限；
[[email protected] hadoop]# cp -R /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop [[email protected] hadoop]# chmod -R 700 /home/hadoop/ [[email protected] hadoop]# ll -dl /home/hadoop/ drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 9 12:01 /home/hadoop/ [[email protected] hadoop]# ll -al /home/hadoop total 28 drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 9 12:01 . drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 4096 Aug 9 12:01 .. -rwx------. 1 root root 18 Aug 9 12:01 .bash_logout -rwx------. 1 root root 176 Aug 9 12:01 .bash_profile -rwx------. 1 root root 124 Aug 9 12:01 .bashrc drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Aug 9 12:01 .gnome2 drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Aug 9 12:01 .mozilla
5、修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop，属组为hadoop；
[[email protected] home]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/ [[email protected] home]# ll -al /home/hadoop/ total 28 drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 9 12:01 . drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 4096 Aug 9 12:01 .. -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Aug 9 12:01 .bash_logout -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 176 Aug 9 12:01 .bash_profile -rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 124 Aug 9 12:01 .bashrc drwx------. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 9 12:01 .gnome2 drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 9 12:01 .mozilla [[email protected] home]# ll -dl /home/hadoop/ drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Aug 9 12:01 /home/hadoop/
6、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行；用两种方式；
[[email protected] home]# grep -E "^[sS]" /proc/meminfo #方法1 SwapCached: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2031612 kB SwapFree: 2031612 kB Shmem: 1140 kB Slab: 102148 kB SReclaimable: 39044 kB SUnreclaim: 63104 kB [[email protected] home]# grep -Ev "^[^sS]" /proc/meminfo #方法2 SwapCached: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2031612 kB SwapFree: 2031612 kB Shmem: 1140 kB Slab: 102152 kB SReclaimable: 39048 kB SUnreclaim: 63104 kB
7、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户；
[[email protected] home]# cut -d: -f1,7 /etc/passwd | grep -Ev "/sbin/nologin$" | cut -d: -f1 root sync shutdown halt mu user1 user2 user3 dff_grt mageia mageiaa slackware openstack hadoop
8、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户；
[[email protected] home]# cut -d: -f1,7 /etc/passwd | grep -E "/bin/bash$" | cut -d: -f1 root mu user1 user2 user3 dff_grt mageia mageiaa openstack hadoop
9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数；
[[email protected] home]# cat /etc/passwd | grep -Eo "\<[0-9][0-9]?\>" 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 7 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 12 10 14 11 0 12 13 30 14 50 99 99 81 81 32 32 69 69 29 29 68 68 38 38 48 48 76 89 89 42 42 74 74 72 72
10、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行；
[[email protected] home]# grep -E "^[[:space:]]+" /boot/grub/grub.conf root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_client-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_client/lv_root rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=vg_client/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img
11、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头，后面跟至少一个空白字符，而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行；
[[email protected] home]# grep -E "^#[[:space:]]+[^[:space:]]+" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg‘s bcheckrc. # Check SELinux status # Print a text banner. # Only read this once. # Initialize hardware # Set default affinity # Load other user-defined modules # Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs) # Configure kernel parameters # Set the hostname. # Sync waiting for storage. # Device mapper & related initialization # Start any MD RAID arrays that haven‘t been started yet # Remount the root filesystem read-write. # Clean up SELinux labels # If relabeling, relabel mount points. # Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already # mounted). Contrary to standard usage, # filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode. # The ‘no‘ applies to all listed filesystem types. See mount(8). # Check to see if a full relabel is needed # Update quotas if necessary # Initialize pseudo-random number generator # Configure machine if necessary. # Clean out /. # Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don‘t set them up, but the sysadmin might... # Clean up /var. # Clean up utmp/wtmp # Clean up various /tmp bits # Make ICE directory # Start up swapping. # Set up binfmt_misc # Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else. # Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going, # let‘s dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later # create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout # Let rhgb know that we‘re leaving rc.sysinit
12、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’，后跟空白字符结尾的行；
[[email protected] home]# netstat -tan | grep -E "LISTEN[[:space:]]" tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:35098 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::43279 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
13、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin)，而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息；
[[email protected] home]# grep -E "^(\<[[:alpha:]]+\>).*\1$" /etc/passwd sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt bash:x:3005:3005::/home/bash:/bin/bash nologin:x:3008:3008::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin
时间： 2024-10-04 22:32:09