1.fdisk：磁盘分区工具
该命令是linux下常用的磁盘分区工具，但是只能给小于2TB的磁盘划分分区。
常用参数为-l，显示所有磁盘分区的信息。
示例：
1）显示磁盘分区列表
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l # 查看当前系统的所有磁盘分区信息 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes # 磁盘/dev/sda的大小 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders # 255个虚拟磁头，63个扇区/磁道，2610个柱面 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes # 一个柱面的大小为8225280bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes #每个扇区的字节数 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes # 每次读写的字节数 Disk identifier: 0x0000db9b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1045 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 * 1045 2611 12581888 83 Linux
说明：Device表示分区；Boot表示启动分区，用*表示；Start表示开始的柱面；End表示结束的柱面；Blocks表示快数量；Id表示分区类型Id；System表示分区类型。
2）模拟分区实战
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb # 不加参数，直接接设备名就可以进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x784b7b62.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won‘t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u‘).
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition‘s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-130, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): +100M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x784b7b62
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (15-130, default 15):
Using default value 15
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-130, default 130):
Using default value 130
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x784b7b62
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 15 130 931770 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
No free sectors available
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (15-130, default 15):
Using default value 15
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-130, default 130): +400M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x784b7b62
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 15 130 931770 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 15 66 417658+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (67-130, default 67):
Using default value 67
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (67-130, default 130):
Using default value 130
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x784b7b62
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 15 130 931770 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 15 66 417658+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 67 130 514048+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb # 执行该命令通知内核分区表已更新，不需要重启系统就可以让分区生效
格式化磁盘
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
28112 inodes, 112420 blocks
5621 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
14 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
挂载磁盘
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt [[email protected] ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 12253360 8557940 3066328 74% / tmpfs tmpfs 953140 80 953060 1% /dev/shm /dev/sr0 iso9660 3824484 3824484 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.8_Final /dev/sdb1 ext4 104769 1550 97598 2% /mnt
2.partprobe：更新内核的硬盘分区表信息
该命令用于在硬盘分区发生变化时，更新内核的硬盘分区表数据，可以在不重启系统时就更新分区表信息。
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
3.parted：磁盘分区工具
该命令用于对大于2TB的磁盘进行分区，并且要将磁盘转换为GPT格式。
常用的参数选项为-l，显示所有磁盘分区的信息。
通过parted -h或者直接通过parted进入交互模式后通过-h查看帮助。
[[email protected] ~]# parted GNU Parted 2.1 使用 /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) h align-check TYPE N check NUMBER cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER help [COMMAND] mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE # 创建分区表 mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END # 创建分区 mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END # 创建带有文件系统的分区 move NUMBER START END name NUMBER NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] # 显示分区表信息 quit rescue START END resize NUMBER START END rm NUMBER # 删除编号NUMBER的分区 select DEVICE set NUMBER FLAG STATE toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] unit UNIT version (parted)
示例：
1）显示分区情况
[[email protected] ~]# parted -l Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) # 磁盘类型 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB # 磁盘大小 Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B # 扇区大小 Partition Table: msdos # 分区表类型 Number Start End Size Type File system 标志 1 1049kB 8591MB 8590MB primary linux-swap(v1) 2 8591MB 21.5GB 12.9GB primary ext4 启动
2）模拟分区实战
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdb # parted直接接需要分区的设备
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt # 为sdb磁盘创建GPT分区表，大于2TB的磁盘必须执行这一步
(parted) mkpart primary 0 500 # 创建主分区，500M
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? Ignore # 忽略警告
(parted) p # 显示分区表信息
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 500MB 500MB primary
(parted) mkpart logical 501 1000 # 创建逻辑分区，大小为500MB
(parted) p # 显示分区表信息
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 500MB 500MB primary
2 501MB 1000MB 499MB logical
(parted) quit # 退出
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[[email protected] ~]# ls /dev/sdb*
/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 # 格式化
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
122400 inodes, 488264 blocks
24413 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
60 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2040 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (8192 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt #挂载
4.mkfs：创建linux文件系统
该命令用于在指定的设备或者分区上创建格式化并创建文件系统。
常用的参数有-t：指定要创建的文件系统类型，也可以直接使用mkfs.ext4创建ext4文件系统。
5.df：报告文件系统磁盘空间的使用情况
该命令用于显示文件系统磁盘空间的使用情况。
| 参数 | 说明 |
| -h（常用） | 以容易理解的格式显示磁盘的使用情况 |
| -i（常用） | 显示文件系统的inode信息 |
| -T（常用） | 列出文件系统的类型 |
示例：
1）显示磁盘的使用情况
[[email protected] ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 12253360 8557460 3066808 74% / tmpfs 953140 0 953140 0% /dev/shm
2）-h选项
[[email protected] ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 12G 8.2G 3.0G 74% / tmpfs 931M 72K 931M 1% /dev/shm
3）列出文件系统的类型
[[email protected] ~]# df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 ext4 12253360 8557556 3066712 74% / tmpfs tmpfs 953140 72 953068 1% /dev/shm
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuzhaoli/p/10704929.html
时间： 2024-08-28 06:39:18