一、内核相关文件为include/linux/semaphore.h和kernel/semaphore.c
二、主要结构体:
struct semaphore { raw_spinlock_t lock; unsigned int count; struct list_head wait_list; };
结构体成员变量解读:
1、lock主要用于保护count和wait_list链表的访问;
2、count记录信号量等待进程的计数;
3、wait_list用于记录等待信号量的进程,串成一个链表来统一管理;
三、相关接口
1、初始化接口
static inline void sema_init(struct semaphore *sem, int val) { static struct lock_class_key __key; *sem = (struct semaphore) __SEMAPHORE_INITIALIZER(*sem, val); lockdep_init_map(&sem->lock.dep_map, "semaphore->lock", &__key, 0); }
接口主要完成互斥锁、信号量计数初始值、链表头结点的初始化操作;
2、down信号量接口
获取信号量接口总共有五个:
extern void down(struct semaphore *sem); extern int __must_check down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem); extern int __must_check down_killable(struct semaphore *sem); extern int __must_check down_trylock(struct semaphore *sem); extern int __must_check down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long jiffies);
1)down接口内核已不建议使用,按照内核发展趋势,将会逐步取消掉此接口;
2)down信号量接口,一般都建议使用down_interruptible,此接口将会把当前任务状态设置为TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE,意味着一旦满足条件,任务将会在设定的超时时间到来之前被调度;
3)down_killable:可被杀死地获取信号量。如果睡眠被致命信号中断,返回错误-EINTR;
4)down_trylock:此接口上来就去获取信号量,不会设置超时时间,不做任何等待,获取到就返回0,获取不到就返回1;
5)down_timeout:如果上来就获取到信号量,则直接返回,获取不到则睡眠等待设置的超时时间时长;
这五个接口,除了down_trylock,最终都调用了__down_common这个接口,只不过传入的参数不同而已
static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem) { __down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); } static noinline int __sched __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem) { return __down_common(sem, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); } static noinline int __sched __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem) { return __down_common(sem, TASK_KILLABLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT); } static noinline int __sched __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long jiffies) { return __down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, jiffies); }
我们可以看一下__down_common这个接口:首先会把当前进程挂接到信号量的Wait_list链表中,然后会通过schedule_timeout调度其他进程,当前任务挂起;
struct semaphore_waiter { struct list_head list; struct task_struct *task; int up; };
static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state, long timeout) { struct task_struct *task = current; struct semaphore_waiter waiter; list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list); waiter.task = task; waiter.up = 0; for (;;) { if (signal_pending_state(state, task)) goto interrupted; if (timeout <= 0) goto timed_out; __set_task_state(task, state); raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock); timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout); raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock); if (waiter.up) return 0; } timed_out: list_del(&waiter.list); return -ETIME; interrupted: list_del(&waiter.list); return -EINTR; }
3、释放信号量接口:此接口主要做了以下工作,首先判断当前信号量的wait_list是否为空,如果为空,即没有任何进程等待此信号量,则直接sem->count++,否则,则把wait_list中第一个节点摘除,通过wake_up_process放置到激活任务队列中,等待执行。
extern void up(struct semaphore *sem); void up(struct semaphore *sem) { unsigned long flags; raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags); if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list))) sem->count++; else __up(sem); raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags); } static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem) { struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = list_first_entry(&sem->wait_list, struct semaphore_waiter, list); list_del(&waiter->list); waiter->up = 1; wake_up_process(waiter->task); }