1、数据库(database)管理
1.1 create 创建数据库
create database firstDB;
1.2 show 查看所有数据库
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || firstDB || mysql || performance_schema |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 alter 修改数据库
alter 命令修改数据库编码:
默认创建的数据库默认不支持中文字符,如果我们需要它支持中文字符,则将它的编码设置为utf8格式:
mysql> ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1.4 use 使用数据库
mysql> use firstDB;Database changed
1.5 查看当前使用的数据库
mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| firstdb |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.6 drop 删除数据库
mysql> drop database firstDB;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2、数据表(table)管理
我们首先创建一个数据库,提供我们往后的使用:
mysql> create database testDB;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
创建后记得用use命令进入(使用)数据库,不然后面的操作都会不成功的。
2.1 create 创建表
mysql> create table PEOPLE ( -> ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -> NAME varchar(20) not null, -> AGE int not null, -> BIRTHDAY datetime); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2.2 show 显示表
显示当前数据库所有的数据表
mysql> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_testdb |+------------------+| PEOPLE |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 desc 查看表结构
mysql> desc PEOPLE -> ;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment || NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | || AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2.4 alter 修改表结构(增、删、改)
默认创建的表不支持中文字符,所以需将表编码设置为utf8:
mysql> ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
2.4.1 insert 在表中添加列(字段)
mysql> alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
提示:在MySQL里,布尔类型会自动转换为tinyint(1)类型。
我们不妨使用desc去查看一下PEOPLE表结构:
mysql> desc PEOPLE;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment || NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | || AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | || star | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在,你该相信我了吧?
2.4.2 alter 修改表(列)字段
mysql> alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我们再次使用desc查看PEOPLE表结构:
mysql> desc PEOPLE;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment || NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | || AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | || star | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4.3 delete 删除表(列)字段
mysql> alter table PEOPLE DROP column star;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
删除后,再次查看PEOPLE表结构:
mysql> desc PEOPLE;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment || NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | || AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | || BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | |+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除字段成功,现在我们已经不能看到star的字段了。
2.4.4 rename 重命名表名
mysql> RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.5 create 利用已有数据创建新表
mysql> create table newTable select * from PEOPLE;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我们查看一下目前数据库存在的表:
mysql> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_testdb |+------------------+| PEOPLE || newTable |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、数据的操作及管理
数据表的基本操作,包含增、删、改、查数据。
以下命令均在PEOPLE表上操作。
3.1 增加数据(增)
PEOPLE表目前是没有数据的,它是空的数据表,我们现在先添加一些数据。
insert into 命令添加数据:
mysql> insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, ‘Anny‘, 22, ‘1992-05-22‘);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
使用select命令查看表(会在后面介绍),现在我们查看PEOPLE数据表的数据:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |+----+------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+------+-----+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
数据表现在有一条数据。
我们多添加几条数据,如:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 || 2 | Garvey | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || 3 | Lisa | 25 | 1989-05-22 00:00:00 || 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2 删除数据(删)
delete 命令删除数据:
mysql> delete from PEOPLE where name = ‘Lisa‘;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
再次查询PEOPLE表:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 || 2 | Garvey | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
已经看不到名为“Lisa”的数据了。
3.3 修改数据(改)
update 命令修改数据:
mysql> update PEOPLE set name=‘Calvin‘ where name = ‘Garvey‘;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
查询PEOPLE表内容:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 || 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
名为“Garvey”的记录已经修改为“Calvin”。
3.4 查询数据(查)
select 命令查询数据,最简单的就是查询表的所有数据,也就是我们最初使用到的那条命令:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 || 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select * from <表名>,*代表所有字段。
查询数据时也可指定显示的(列)字段:
mysql> select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE;+--------+-----+---------------------+| NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |+--------+-----+---------------------+| Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 || Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select <字段名,字段名,…> from <表名>。