MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由MySQL AB 公司开发,目前属于 Oracle 。MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一。关系数据库将数据保存在不同的表中,而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内,这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。MySQL所使用的 SQL 语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。拥有体积小、速度快、总体成本低,尤其是开放源码这一特点。
一.登陆MySQL
在没有设置密码的前提下,输入命令mysql可直接进入MySQL界面;
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql>
那么如何增加MySQL安全性呢?那就需要设置密码了。
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password ‘centos‘ [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -pcentos Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql>
二.MySQL的重要目录
MySQL 安装完成后,它的数据库文件、配置文件和命令文件分别在不同的目录,了解这些目录非常重要,尤其对于Linux的初学者,因为 Linux本身的目录结构就比较复杂,如果搞不清楚MySQL的安装目录那就无从谈起深入学习。
下面就介绍一下这几个目录。
1、 数据库目录
/var/lib/mysql/
2、配置文件
/usr/share /mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
3、相关命令
/usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
4、启动脚本
/etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)
三·.基本的MySQL操作命令
1.显示数据库
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Mysql刚安装完有两个数据库:mysql和test。mysql库非常重要, 它里面有MySQL的系统信息,我们改密码和新增用户,实际上就是用这个库中的相关表进行操作。
2.显示数据库中的表
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> use hellodb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_hellodb | +-------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.显示数据表的字段结构
mysql> describe classes; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | ClassID | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | Class | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | NumOfStu | smallint(5) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
也可以使用两一条命令,显示比这个更详细,而且可以把建表语句全部列出来:
mysql> show create table classes\G‘ *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: classes Create Table: CREATE TABLE `classes` ( `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Class` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `NumOfStu` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ClassID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.显示某个表中的记录
mysql> select * from classes; +---------+----------------+----------+ | ClassID | Class | NumOfStu | +---------+----------------+----------+ | 1 | Shaolin Pai | 10 | | 2 | Emei Pai | 7 | | 3 | QingCheng Pai | 11 | | 4 | Wudang Pai | 12 | | 5 | Riyue Shenjiao | 31 | | 6 | Lianshan Pai | 27 | | 7 | Ming Jiao | 27 | | 8 | Xiaoyao Pai | 15 | +---------+----------------+----------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
5.查询当前是哪个用户
mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | [email protected] | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6.创建一个新的数据库
mysql> create database hahaha; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
7.创建一个新表
mysql> use hahaha; Database changed mysql> create table t1 (`id` int(4), `name` char(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
字段名需要用引号括起来
8.查询语句
mysql> select count(*) from students; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 25 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
students表示mysql库的表;count(*)表示表中共有多少行。
这些只是一些简单的数据库操作,用来帮助我们i了解数据库和能简单地对数据库进行操作。在下一篇,我们会更深入了解数据库的更多使用!
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuwentaolaji/p/9689422.html