Java类与HBase数据模型
HBaseConfiguration
包名 : org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration
作用:对HBase进行配置。
用法示例:
HBaseConfiguration hconfig = new HBaseConfiguration();
hconfig.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort","2181");
HBaseAdmin
包名 : org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin
作用:提供了一个接口来管理HBase数据库的表信息。
它提供的方法包括:创建表,删除表,列出表项,使表有效或无效,以及添加或删除表列族成员等。
用法示例:
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
admin.disableTable("tablename")
HTableDescriptor
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor
作用:包含了表的名字及其对应表的列族。
用法示例:
HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(table);
htd.addFamily(new HcolumnDescriptor("family"));
HColumnDescriptor
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor
作用:维护着关于列族的信息,例如版本号,压缩设置等。
它通常在创建表或者为表添加列族的时候使用。
列族被创建后不能直接修改,只能通过删除,然后重新创建的方式。
列族被删除的时候,列族里面的数据也会同时被删除。
用法示例:
HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(tablename);
HColumnDescriptor col = new HColumnDescriptor("content:");
htd.addFamily(col);
HTable
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable
作用:可以用来和HBase表直接通信。此方法对于更新操作来说是非线程安全的。
用法示例:
HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes(tablename));
ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(family);
HTablePool
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTablePool
作用:可以解决HTable存在的线程不安全问题,同时通过维护固定数量的HTable对象,能够在程序运行期间复用这些HTable资源对象。
说明:
1. HTablePool可以自动创建HTable对象,而且对客户端来说使用上是完全透明的,可以避免多线程间数据并发修改问题。
2. HTablePool中的HTable对象之间是公用Configuration连接的,能够可以减少网络开销。
HTablePool的使用很简单:每次进行操作前,通过HTablePool的getTable方法取得一个HTable对象,然后进行put/get/scan/delete等操作,最后通过HTablePool的putTable方法将HTable对象放回到HTablePool中。
/**
* A simple pool of HTable instances.
*
* Each HTablePool acts as a pool for all tables. To use, instantiate an
* HTablePool and use {@link #getTable(String)} to get an HTable from the pool.
*
* This method is not needed anymore, clients should call HTableInterface.close()
* rather than returning the tables to the pool
*
* Once you are done with it, close your instance of {@link HTableInterface}
* by calling {@link HTableInterface#close()} rather than returning the tables
* to the pool with (deprecated) {@link #putTable(HTableInterface)}.
*
* <p>
* A pool can be created with a <i>maxSize</i> which defines the most HTable
* references that will ever be retained for each table. Otherwise the default
* is {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
*
* <p>
* Pool will manage its own connections to the cluster. See
* {@link HConnectionManager}.
* @deprecated as of 0.98.1. See {@link HConnection#getTable(String)}.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Private
@Deprecated
public class HTablePool implements Closeable {
}
Put
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put
作用:用来对单个行执行添加操作。
用法示例:
HTable table = new HTable(conf,Bytes.toBytes(tablename));
Put p = new Put(brow);//为指定行创建一个Put操作
p.add(family,qualifier,value);
table.put(p);
Get
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get
作用:用来获取单个行的相关信息。
用法示例:
HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes(tablename));
Get g = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(row));
table.get(g);
Result
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result
作用:存储Get或者Scan操作后获取表的单行值。使用此类提供的方法可以直接获取值或者各种Map结构( key-value对)。
ResultScanner
包名: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner
作用:存储Get或者Scan操作后获取表的单行值。使用此类提供的方法可以直接获取值或者各种Map结构( key-value对)。
例程
package HbaseAPI;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTableInterface;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.compress.Compression.Algorithm;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.encoding.DataBlockEncoding;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
public class HBaseConnection {
private String rootDir;
private String zkServer;
private String port;
private Configuration conf;
private HConnection hConn = null;
private HBaseConnection(String rootDir,String zkServer,String port) throws IOException{
this.rootDir = rootDir;
this.zkServer = zkServer;
this.port = port;
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
conf.set("hbase.rootdir", rootDir);
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", zkServer);
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", port);
hConn = HConnectionManager.createConnection(conf);
}
public void creatTable(String tableName,List<String> cols){
try {
//管理数据库的表信息
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
if(admin.tableExists(tableName)){
throw new Exception("table exists");
}
else{
//
HTableDescriptor tableDesc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
for (String col : cols) {
//提供列族
HColumnDescriptor colDesc = new HColumnDescriptor(col);
colDesc.setCompressionType(Algorithm.GZ);
colDesc.setDataBlockEncoding(DataBlockEncoding.DIFF);
tableDesc.addFamily(colDesc);
}
//创建表
admin.createTable(tableDesc);
}
} catch (MasterNotRunningException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//插入数据
public void putData(String tableName,List<Put> puts) throws IOException{
HTableInterface table = hConn.getTable(tableName);
table.put(puts);
table.setAutoFlush(false);
table.flushCommits();
}
//获取数据
public Result getData(String tableName,String rowkey) throws IOException{
HTableInterface table = hConn.getTable(tableName);
//用来获取单个行的相关信息
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowkey));
return table.get(get);
}
public void format(Result result){
//行键
String rowkey = Bytes.toString(result.getRow());
//Return an cells of a Result as an array of KeyValues
KeyValue[] kvs = result.raw();
for (KeyValue kv : kvs) {
//列族名
String family = Bytes.toString(kv.getFamily());
//列名
String qualifier = Bytes.toString(kv.getQualifier());
String value = Bytes.toString(result.getValue(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier)));
System.out.println("rowkey->"+rowkey+", family->"
+family+", qualifier->"+qualifier);
System.out.println("value->"+value);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String rootDir = "hdfs://hadoop1:8020/hbase";
String zkServer = "hadoop1";
String port = "2181";
//初始化
HBaseConnection conn = new HBaseConnection(rootDir,zkServer,port);
//创建表
List<String> cols = new LinkedList<>();
cols.add("basicInfo");
cols.add("moreInfo");
conn.creatTable("students", cols);
//插入数据
List<Put> puts = new LinkedList<>();
Put put1 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("Tom"));
//(列族名,列,值)
put1.add(Bytes.toBytes("basicInfo"),Bytes.toBytes("age"),Bytes.toBytes("27"));
put1.add(Bytes.toBytes("basicInfo"),Bytes.toBytes("tel"),Bytes.toBytes("3432"));
Put put2 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("Joson"));
put2.add(Bytes.toBytes("basicInfo"),Bytes.toBytes("age"),Bytes.toBytes("24"));
put2.add(Bytes.toBytes("basicInfo"),Bytes.toBytes("tel"),Bytes.toBytes("34322"));
puts.add(put1);
puts.add(put2);
conn.putData("students", puts);
//输出结果
Result result = conn.getData("students", "Tom");
conn.format(result);
}
}
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