UIAppearance定制控件的默认外观

一,概述

控件的外观，受到tint color，background image， background color等属性的共同影响，通常要修改某个控件对象的外观，就去调用上面属性的相关setter方法（或者其他可以修改它们的方法）就可以了。但是，如果希望整个app中的控件都保持一致的风格，比如所有button的风格（指的是大小，背景图，形状等）都一样，那么一个一个去重复设置每个button的风格，就显得太麻烦了。如果可以给Button类设定一个默认外观，就方便多了。appearance
proxy就可以实现。

对于导航栏，tabBarController等等管理多个视图控制器的控件，要对它们的全局外观进行修改，通常比较便捷的方法也是定制默认外观，也就是使用appearance proxy。

二,下面就来详细介绍UIAppearance

1>、了解一个概念appearance proxy外观代理

外观代理，它是一个管理可视化类（比如控件）的默认外观的对象。我们可以通过这个类的外观代理，来修改这个类的默认外观（与外观有关的属性的默认值），或者这个类在某种场合下的默认外观。

2>、需要遵守两个协议

一个类要能够使用外观代理，需要遵守两个协议，一个是UIAppearance，一个是UIAppearanceContainer协议。

1. UIAppearance协议

该协议定义了4个方法，用于获取类的外观代理，分别对应4种外观代理。

2. UIAppearanceContainer协议

该协议定义了一个常量UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR，用来标识外观代理可以调用的方法。既然外观代理是用来管理类的默认外观的，那么能够被它调用的方法，或者说它需要调用的方法，往往就是类的某个外观特征的setter和getter方法。也就是说，为一个方法设定UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR标签，就表示这个方法可以为外观代理所用。当然，方法的格式是有规定的，基本格式和一般属性的setter和getter方法格式一样，在这个基础上可以增加更多的参数。参数的类型只能是NSInteger或NSUInteger，否则会报错。

注意:UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR的标签(如何确定哪些情况下能够通过UIKit的外观代理来定制所有元素（以及元素中的哪些属性）呢？

方法一,查阅文档，

方法二,读头文件。打开对应的UIKit元素的头文件，其中所有带有UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR标记的属性都支持通过外观代理来定制。举个例子，UINavigationBar.h中的tintColor属性带有UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR标记)

例如:

属性

意味着可以调用

[[UINavigationBar   appearance]  setbarTintColor:newColor];

方法

3>外观代理的工作时间

官网上简洁的表述：

所有通过外观代理对默认外观进行的修改，只会在view layout time 时生效。在此之后，仍可以通过对象的属性和方法来覆盖此默认外观。

我的详细解释：

我们可以随时让外观代理修改默认外观，准确的理解是让外观代理记录好我们对默认外观的定制要求。但是外观代理只会在view layout time时工作一次，也就是让默认外观生效。在此之后，调用外观代理来修改默认外观，是不会即时生效的，换言之，必须要等到下次view layout time的时候才会让这个新定制的默认外观生效。什么时候是view layout time？从运行的效果来看，我暂且理解为加载window（或从其他window返回到本window）的时候，如果有更准确的理解，望赐教。

默认外观对类的所有的对象起作用（所谓默认，就是这个意思）。如果要在默认外观的基础上对某个对象的外观进行修改，就和平常一样，调用这个对象有关外观设置的方法即可。

4>外观代理的获取及使用

下面详细了解UIAppearance协议中定义的4种获取外观代理的方法，及其对应的4种外观代理：

1.全局外观代理

功能：代理中的Big Boss，它可以管理控件在任何情况下的默认外观。

获取代理的方法：

+ ( instancetype )appearance

比如:要获取UINavigationBar的全局外观代理：

UINavigation *appearanceProxy=[UINavigation appearance];

2.只负责指定场合的外观的外观代理

功能：管理控件被包含在指定的类（及其子类）中时的默认外观；管理控件被包含在指定的视图层级关系中时的默认外观。

获取代理的方法：

+ (instancetype)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(nullable Class <UIAppearanceContainer>)ContainerClass

解释：

这个方法的参数指定了某个类或者多个类。参数个数不定，最后一个参数必须是nil。

例子：

比如，获取作用于“放在UIToolbar类中的UIBarButtonItem对象”的外观代理，这样写：

  [UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn: [UIToolbar class],nil];

注意：

此时除了放在UIToolbar类中的UIBarButtonItem对象会受这个外观代理管理以外，放在UIToolbar的子类中的UIBarButtonItem对象也会受这个代理管理。

如果要指定层级关系，则传入一个层级关系的对象。

上面说的方法从iOS 5.0开始启用，到iOS 9.0丢弃，iOS 9.0及以后用下面的方法替代:

  +(instancetype)appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:(NSArray<Class <UIAppearanceContainer>> *)containerTypes

比如，设置导航栏被放在UISplitViewController或者UITabBarController里面时的默认BarTintColor：

 [[UINavigationBar appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:  @[[UISplitViewController class], [UITabBarController class]]] setBarTintColor:myColor];

3.只负责控件在某种系统环境下的外观的外观代理

功能：管理类在某种系统环境下（比如横屏、竖屏等）的默认外观。系统环境由UITraitCollection对象来指定。(查看UITraitCollection Class Reference）

获取代理的方法：

  + (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait

4.只负责控件在某种系统环境、某种场合下的外观的外观代理

功能：管理控件在某种系统环境、某种场合下的默认外观

获取代理的方法：

  + (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait  whenContainedIn:(Class<UIAppearanceContainer>)ContainerClass

以上方法从5.0开始启用，在iOS 9.0被丢弃，iOS 9.0及以后用下面这个方法替代：

  + (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait whenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:(NSArray<Class <UIAppearanceContainer>> *)containerTypes

三,UIKit的外观属性及方法汇总(被标记UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR的方法和属性)

UIActivityIndicatorView

@property (readwrite, nonatomic, retain) UIColor *color NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIBarButtonItem

// 背景图片相关
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustment:(CGFloat)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (CGFloat)backgroundVerticalPositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setTitlePositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIOffset)titlePositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

// 返回键 ：图片、文字

- (void)setBackButtonBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backButtonBackgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIOffset)backButtonTitlePositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setBackButtonBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustment:(CGFloat)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (CGFloat)backButtonBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIBarItem

// 标题富文本

- (void)setTitleTextAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (NSDictionary *)titleTextAttributesForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIButton

// 内边缘间距

@property(nonatomic) UIEdgeInsets contentEdgeInsets UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is UIEdgeInsetsZero

// 标题颜色、阴影颜色、背景图片

- (void)setTitleColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default if nil. use opaque white
- (void)setTitleShadowColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil. use 50% black
- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil

UINavigationBar

@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *barTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil

// 背景图片相关 - 默认是张白色图片

- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forBarPosition:(UIBarPosition)barPosition barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForBarPosition:(UIBarPosition)barPosition barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

// 阴影图片 - 即分割线

@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *shadowImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,copy) NSDictionary *titleTextAttributes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setTitleVerticalPositionAdjustment:(CGFloat)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (CGFloat)titleVerticalPositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

//

@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *backIndicatorImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *backIndicatorTransitionMaskImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIPageControl

// 分页小圆点颜色

@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *pageIndicatorTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0)
UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *currentPageIndicatorTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIProgressView

@property(nonatomic, retain) UIColor* progressTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic, retain) UIColor* trackTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic, retain) UIImage* progressImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic, retain) UIImage* trackImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIRefreshControl

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSAttributedString *attributedTitle UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UISearchBar

@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *barTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *backgroundImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *scopeBarBackgroundImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

//

- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forBarPosition:(UIBarPosition)barPosition barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // Use UIBarMetricsDefaultPrompt to set a separate backgroundImage for a search bar with a prompt
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForBarPosition:(UIBarPosition)barPosition barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setSearchFieldBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)searchFieldBackgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setImage:(UIImage *)iconImage forSearchBarIcon:(UISearchBarIcon)icon state:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)imageForSearchBarIcon:(UISearchBarIcon)icon state:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setScopeBarButtonBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)scopeBarButtonBackgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setScopeBarButtonDividerImage:(UIImage *)dividerImage forLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)scopeBarButtonDividerImageForLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setScopeBarButtonTitleTextAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (NSDictionary *)scopeBarButtonTitleTextAttributesForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UISearchBar

@property(nonatomic) UIOffset searchFieldBackgroundPositionAdjustment NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic) UIOffset searchTextPositionAdjustment NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
<pre name="code" class="objc">- (void)setPositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forSearchBarIcon:(UISearchBarIcon)icon NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIOffset)positionAdjustmentForSearchBarIcon:(UISearchBarIcon)icon NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UISegmentedControl// 背景图片


- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


//分割线图片


- (void)setDividerImage:(UIImage *)dividerImage forLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)dividerImageForLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 文字富文本


- (void)setTitleTextAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (NSDictionary *)titleTextAttributesForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 位置相关


- (void)setContentPositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forSegmentType:(UISegmentedControlSegment)leftCenterRightOrAlone barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIOffset)contentPositionAdjustmentForSegmentType:(UISegmentedControlSegment)leftCenterRightOrAlone barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UISlider


// 已滑过的线颜色


@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *minimumTrackTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 未滑过线颜色


@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *maximumTrackTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 滑动圆片颜色


@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *thumbTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UIStepper


// 背景图片


- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage*)image forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage*)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 分割图片


- (void)setDividerImage:(UIImage*)image forLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage*)dividerImageForLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)state rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 增加部分


- (void)setIncrementImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)incrementImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


// 减少部分


- (void)setDecrementImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)decrementImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UISwitch


@property(nonatomic, retain) UIColor *onTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic, retain) UIColor *thumbTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic, retain) UIImage *onImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic, retain) UIImage *offImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UITabBar


@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *barTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *selectedImageTintColor NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(5_0,8_0,"Use tintColor") UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *backgroundImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *selectionIndicatorImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIImage *shadowImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic) UITabBarItemPositioning itemPositioning NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat itemWidth NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic) CGFloat itemSpacing NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
@property(nonatomic) UIBarStyle barStyle NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UITabBarItem


- (void)setTitlePositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIOffset)titlePositionAdjustment NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UITableView


@property (nonatomic) UIEdgeInsets separatorInset NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // allows customization of the frame of cell separators
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIColor *sectionIndexColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // color used for text of the section index


// 索引条背景图片


@property (nonatomic, retain) UIColor *sectionIndexBackgroundColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // the background color of the section index while not being touched
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIColor *sectionIndexTrackingBackgroundColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // the background color of the section index while it is being touched


// 分割线 - 实际上是高度1颜色浅灰的UIView


@property (nonatomic, retain) UIColor *separatorColor UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is the standard separator gray


//


@property (nonatomic, copy) UIVisualEffect *separatorEffect NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // effect to apply to table separators


UITableViewCell


@property (nonatomic) UIEdgeInsets separatorInset NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // allows customization of the separator frame


UIToolBar


@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *barTintColor NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil


- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forToolbarPosition:(UIBarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForToolbarPosition:(UIBarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setShadowImage:(UIImage *)shadowImage forToolbarPosition:(UIBarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)shadowImageForToolbarPosition:(UIBarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;


UIView


@property(nonatomic,copy) UIColor *backgroundColor UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil. Can be useful with the appearance proxy on custom UIView subclasses.


参考文章:点这里
				


				
时间： 2024-10-12 07:10:14 

		


		


	

	
	

		


		
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				控件的外观,受到tint color,background image, background color等属性的共同影响,通常要修改某个控件对象的外观,就去调用上面属性的相关setter方法(或者其他可以修改它们的方法)就可以了.但是,如果希望整个app中的控件都保持一致的风格,比如所有button的风格(指的是大小,背景图,形状等)都一样,那么一个一个去重复设置每个button的风格,就显得太麻烦了.如果可以给Button类设定一个默认外观,就方便多了.appearance proxy就可以			

		

	

				

		

			

                定制控件背景颜色与背景位图
			

		

		

									

				本文讲述如何定制控件的背景颜色和背景位图的技巧. 首先要说一下控件的绘制过程:当控件的某个区域需要重绘时,都会触发WM_ERASEBKGND和WM_PAINT消息.比如控件的某个区域被另一个程序的窗口挡住了,而后那个窗口又被移走了,这时控件被挡住的内容就需要重新绘制了. 第一步:系统向控件发送WM_ERASEBKGND消息以实现背景的擦除工作(有时不发送,比如用户可能调用InvalidateRect(),其参数却指定不擦除背景,这样就没有这个消息): 第二步:系统向控件的窗口过程发送WM_PAI			

		

	

				

		

			

                WorldWind源码剖析系列：窗口定制控件类WorldWindow
			

		

		

									

				在WorldWindow定制控件是从Control类派生出来的,需要自己操纵GDI+绘制所需要的界面效果,比较耗费精力(区别于用户控件UserControl,也叫组合控件,大多是对.NET工具箱提供的默认基础控件进行的组合和轻量级的改变,实现起来比较简单).为了明确定制控件Control和用户控件UserControl之间的体系关系,此处给出了Control类继承层次结构(源自MSDN): 在WorldWindow中星球球体的渲染和经纬网格的渲染时分别绘制的,星球由类World表示,经纬网格.			

		

	

				

		

			

                Android定制控件-带图像的TextView
			

		

		

									

				最近在学习Android,边看书边敲代码,看到是李宁的Android开发完全讲义,因为是对着书本敲的, 所以代码跟原书的代码基本上是一致的 看到第四章,定制控件,觉得需要记录下些东西,所有把代码写到博客作为自己以后查阅的资料. 先上效果图 在src新建net.blogjava.mobile.widget/IconTextView.java 代码如下: package net.blogjava.mobile.widget; import android.content.Context; impor			

		

	

				

		

			

                关于android 控件的默认属性问题
			

		

		

									

				每个控件都有很多属性 而对于一些属性会有其默认值  而这些默认值是哪里来的? 我们会想到style或者theme 可往往我们使用TextView或者一些常用的控件的时候并没有声明 style属性 或者theme属性啊 下面以最常用的TextView来进行分析 我们知道 开发中缩写的xml 布局文件 最后都会被解析成为一个对象 势必会调用构造方法来创建对象 下面我们来看看TextView的构造方法 <span style="font-size:14px;"> public T			

		

	

				

		

			

                修改Delphi工具控件的默认字体
			

		

		

									

				修改Delphi工具控件的默认字体: 注册表: Delphi 6:    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Borland\Delphi\6.0Delphi 7:    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Borland\Delphi\7.0下增加一个名为“FormDesign”的项,再在这个项下面新建一个字符串值:新建字串:DefaultFont ,值为: 宋体,9［注意不是原来的Form Design 项,新建项没有空格］ 参考:http://www.c			

		

	

				

		

			

                2、继承和组合，绘制方式定制控件
			

		

		

									

				定制控件的方式 1.继承其他控件类. 例如,EditText,是继承TextView. 例子:带图标的文本框 public IconTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.IconTextView); resourceId = typedArray.			

		

	

				

		

			

                控件 UI: VisualState, VisualStateManager, 控件的默认 UI
			

		

		

									

				VisualState 和 VisualStateManager 控件的默认 Style, ControlTemplate, VisualState 示例1.演示“VisualState 和 VisualStateManager”相关知识点Controls/UI/VisualState/VisualStateDemo.xaml <Page x:Class="Windows10.Controls.UI.VisualState.VisualStateDemo" xmlns="			

		

	

				

		

			

                用继承和组合方式定制控件
			

		

		

									

				1. 定制控件的方式 2. 带标签的文本编辑框(不带命名空间) 3. 带图标的文本框(带命名空间) 4. 控件属性验证 1. 定制控件的方式 <1>继承其他控件类 Ctrl + 左键 --->EditText <2>组合方式. 当前控件类从容器类继承, 并将若干个控件添加到当前容器中 <3>绘制控件. 也就是控件类从View继承, 并在onDraw方法中从零开始绘制控件, 例如TextView 2. 带标签的文本编辑框(不带命名空间)