一 准备好开发环境
需要创建一个 Ubuntu 虚拟机，并且安装好 VMwareTools 方便和 Windows 之间传文件。
创建好一个 mini2440 的工作目录，后续所有 mini2440 相关的文件均存放在此目录下。
[email protected]:~$ mkdir -p workspace/mini2440
二 安装交叉编译器
在 mini2440 工作目录下创建 package 目录，存放软件包。
[email protected]:~$ mkdir workspace/mini2440/package
拷贝 mini2440光盘\Linux\arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tar.gz 到虚拟机 /home/user/workspace/mini2440/package 目录下。
解压到 /opt 目录下并配置好环境变量.
[email protected]:~$ cd workspace/mini2440/package/ [email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ sudo tar zxf arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tar.gz -C / [email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ cd [email protected]:~$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin" >> .bashrc [email protected]:~$ . .bashrc
验证交叉编译器是否安装成功。
[email protected]:~$ arm-linux-gcc -v /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/arm-linux-gcc: 15: exec: /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/.arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc: not found
没有正确的显示版本号，百度查了一下，原因是虚拟机的 Ubuntu 是 64 位的，而此交叉编译器是 32 位的版本，要想正常使用，需要安装 32 位兼容库。
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get install lib32ncurses5 [email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get install lib32z1
安装好兼容库之后，验证成功。
[email protected]:~$ arm-linux-gcc -v Using built-in specs. Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi Configured with: /opt/FriendlyARM/mini2440/build-toolschain/working/src/gcc-4.4.3/configure --build=i386-build_redhat-linux-gnu --host=i386-build_redhat-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi//sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib --with-arch=armv4t --with-cpu=arm920t --with-tune=arm920t --with-float=soft --with-pkgversion=ctng-1.6.1 --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-gmp=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-mpfr=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-ppl=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-cloog=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-mpc=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-local-prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi//sys-root --disable-nls --enable-threads=posix --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-c99 --enable-long-long --enable-target-optspace Thread model: posix gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1)
三 配置 linux 内核
同样将 mini2440光盘\Linux\linux-2.6.32.2-mini2440-20150709.tgz 文件拷贝到虚拟机 /home/user/workspace/mini2440/package 目录下。
解压开来，可以看到有很多的配置文件，当然还是挑自己板子搭配屏的配置文件。
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ tar zxf linux-2.6.32.2-mini2440-20150709.tgz -C ../ [email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ cd ../linux-2.6.32.2/ [email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ ls arch config_mini2440_s70d drivers net block config_mini2440_t35 firmware README build.sh config_mini2440_td35 fs REPORTING-BUGS config_mini2440_a70 config_mini2440_vga1024x768 include samples config_mini2440_a70i config_mini2440_vga640x480 init scripts config_mini2440_h43 config_mini2440_vga800x600 ipc security config_mini2440_l80 config_mini2440_w35 Kbuild sound config_mini2440_n35 config_mini2440_x35 kernel tools config_mini2440_n43 COPYING lib usr config_mini2440_p35 CREDITS MAINTAINERS virt config_mini2440_p43 crypto Makefile config_mini2440_s70 Documentation mm
开始配置，拷贝配置文件，执行 make menuconfig 生成对应 C 语言配置宏文件和 Makefile 编译宏控文件。
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make distclean[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ cp config_mini2440_x35 .config
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make menuconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/basic/docproc
HOSTCC scripts/basic/hash
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
int type;
^
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
int type;
^
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:4: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
fgets(line, 128, stdin);
^
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:3: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
fgets(line, 128, stdin);
^
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
*** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the
*** required header files.
*** ‘make menuconfig‘ requires the ncurses libraries.
***
*** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again.
***
/home/user/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/scripts/kconfig/Makefile:186: recipe for target ‘scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog‘ failed
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog] Error 1
Makefile:454: recipe for target ‘menuconfig‘ failed
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2
报错了，百度查了一下，原来是缺少 ncurses 库导致，安装好库之后，成功配置。
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ sudo apt-get install libncurses
进入图形化配置界面后，直接按 esc 退出即可，配置项已经拷贝到最终的配置文件 .config 文件中了，执行 make menuconfig 的作用，只是去自动生成 Makefile 和 c 语言宏控文件。
四 编译内核
配置 ok 了，要开始编译内核了。
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make CHK include/linux/version.h UPD include/linux/version.h Generating include/asm-arm/mach-types.h CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h UPD include/linux/utsrelease.h SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm CC kernel/bounds.s /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.3/cc1: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory /home/user/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/./Kbuild:35: recipe for target ‘kernel/bounds.s‘ failed make[1]: *** [kernel/bounds.s] Error 1 Makefile:982: recipe for target ‘prepare0‘ failed make: *** [prepare0] Error 2
可是又报错了，提示说是找不到 libstdc++.so.6 这个库。安装一下试试：
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6
库安装好了之后，果然可以开始编译了。
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make ... ... ... ... CC kernel/exit.o CC kernel/itimer.o TIMEC kernel/timeconst.h Can‘t use ‘defined(@array)‘ (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) at kernel/timeconst.pl line 373. /home/user/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/kernel/Makefile:129: recipe for target ‘kernel/timeconst.h‘ failed make[1]: *** [kernel/timeconst.h] Error 255 Makefile:878: recipe for target ‘kernel‘ failed make: *** [kernel] Error 2
可是又报错了，看提示说 ‘defined(@array)‘语法有问题，将 kernel/timeconst.pl 文件中 373 行 "if (!defined(@val)) {" 修改为 "if ([email protected]) {" 后编译成功。
diff --git a/kernel/timeconst.pl b/kernel/timeconst.pl
index eb51d76..0461239 100644
--- a/kernel/timeconst.pl
+++ b/kernel/timeconst.pl
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ if ($hz eq ‘--can‘) {
}
@val = @{$canned_values{$hz}};
- if (!defined(@val)) {
+ if (!@val) {
@val = compute_values($hz);
}
output($hz, @val);
编译成功提示如下，同时会在 arch/arm/boot/ 目录下生成 zImage 内核镜像文件。
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make CHK include/linux/version.h make[1]: ‘include/asm-arm/mach-types.h‘ is up to date. CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh CHK include/linux/compile.h Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready Building modules, stage 2. MODPOST 16 modules [email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ ls -l arch/arm/boot/zImage -rwxrwxr-x 1 user user 2330052 11月 25 03:10 arch/arm/boot/zImage
时间： 2024-11-05 11:26:22