前面分析了Volley初始化的基本流程,下面我们来看一看Volley发送请求的过程。
StringRequest translateRequset = new StringRequest(Dict_Url + word.toLowerCase(), mResponListener, mErrorListener); mQueue.add(translateRequset);
这是最简单的发请求过程。
我们看一下StringRequest的实现。
public class StringRequest extends Request<String> { private final Listener<String> mListener; /** * Creates a new request with the given method. * * @param method the request {@link Method} to use * @param url URL to fetch the string at * @param listener Listener to receive the String response * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors */ public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) { super(method, url, errorListener); mListener = listener; } /** * Creates a new GET request. * * @param url URL to fetch the string at * @param listener Listener to receive the String response * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors */ public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) { this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener); } @Override protected void deliverResponse(String response) { mListener.onResponse(response); } @Override protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) { String parsed; try { parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers)); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { parsed = new String(response.data); } return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response)); } }
这个类,主要是一个构造方法,两个实现方法。我们一个一个阅读:
构造方法:
public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) { super(method, url, errorListener); mListener = listener; } /** * Creates a new GET request. * * @param url URL to fetch the string at * @param listener Listener to receive the String response * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors */ public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) { this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener); }
可以看到,这个方法,主要保存了最后请求完成的监听,其余的直接使用父类的。因此,我们顺藤摸瓜看一看父类的构造方法。
/** * Creates a new request with the given method (one of the values from {@link Method}), * URL, and error listener. Note that the normal response listener is not provided here as * delivery of responses is provided by subclasses, who have a better idea of how to deliver * an already-parsed response. */ public Request(int method, String url, Response.ErrorListener listener) { mMethod = method; mUrl = url; mErrorListener = listener; setRetryPolicy(new DefaultRetryPolicy()); mDefaultTrafficStatsTag = findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(url); }
我们先来看findDefaultTrafficStatesTag方法,因为它比较简单。
/** * @return The hashcode of the URL‘s host component, or 0 if there is none. */ private static int findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(String url) { if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) { Uri uri = Uri.parse(url); if (uri != null) { String host = uri.getHost(); if (host != null) { return host.hashCode(); } } } return 0; }
我们可以看到,这个方法,主要是将url解析为Uri,并取出它的host的hashCode。
然后,我们看看DefaultRetryPolicy这个类,看看默认的重发策略是什么样的。
/** The default socket timeout in milliseconds */ public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500; /** The default number of retries */ public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 1; /** The default backoff multiplier */ public static final float DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT = 1f; /** * Constructs a new retry policy using the default timeouts. */ public DefaultRetryPolicy() { this(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT); } /** * Constructs a new retry policy. * @param initialTimeoutMs The initial timeout for the policy. * @param maxNumRetries The maximum number of retries. * @param backoffMultiplier Backoff multiplier for the policy. */ public DefaultRetryPolicy(int initialTimeoutMs, int maxNumRetries, float backoffMultiplier) { mCurrentTimeoutMs = initialTimeoutMs; mMaxNumRetries = maxNumRetries; mBackoffMultiplier = backoffMultiplier; } /** * Returns the current timeout. */ @Override public int getCurrentTimeout() { return mCurrentTimeoutMs; } /** * Returns the current retry count. */ @Override public int getCurrentRetryCount() { return mCurrentRetryCount; } /** * Returns the backoff multiplier for the policy. */ public float getBackoffMultiplier() { return mBackoffMultiplier; }
这一段中不难发现,我们默认的重发策略是2500ms定义为超时,重发次数为1次,DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT=1.0f。DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT称为超时因子,每次重发,超时都会乘上这个因子:
/** * Prepares for the next retry by applying a backoff to the timeout. * @param error The error code of the last attempt. */ @Override public void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError { mCurrentRetryCount++; mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier); if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) { throw error; } }
至此,我们对于StringRequest的构造方法阅读完成。
接下来就来看两个核心方法:deliverResponse和parseNetworkResponse。先不看内容,我们先来看这两个方法在哪里调用的,其实在之前的文章中提到过,但是可能很多人,包括我自己也忘记了,所以此处来回顾一下。
在RequestQueue中,我们有如下代码:
public void start() { stop(); // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped. // Create the cache dispatcher and start it. mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery); mCacheDispatcher.start(); // Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size. for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) { NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork, mCache, mDelivery); mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher; networkDispatcher.start(); } }
其中networkDispatcher是Thread的子类,networkDispatcher的run方法中:
…… // Parse the response here on the worker thread. Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse); request.addMarker("network-parse-complete"); ……
而另一个方法,则是在ExecutorDelivery中,我们在networkDispatcher中也可以找到它的踪迹:
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response); } catch (VolleyError volleyError) { volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs); parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError); } catch (Exception e) { VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString()); VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(e); volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs); mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError); }
mDelivery的类型就是ExecutorDelivery。ExecutorDelivery类我们还没有读过,这个放在后面。下面我们来看看deliverResponse和parseNetworkResponse的实现。
@Override protected void deliverResponse(String response) { mListener.onResponse(response); } @Override protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) { String parsed; try { parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers)); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { parsed = new String(response.data); } return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response)); }
deliverResponse不用多说,parseNetworkResponse中,直接用byte[]类型的response中的data,生成字符串。而字符串的编码方式,则需要从请求的响应中进行解析。
我们来看一看解析的方法:
public static String parseCharset(Map<String, String> headers, String defaultCharset) { String contentType = headers.get(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE); if (contentType != null) { String[] params = contentType.split(";"); for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++) { String[] pair = params[i].trim().split("="); if (pair.length == 2) { if (pair[0].equals("charset")) { return pair[1]; } } } } return defaultCharset; }
在headers的Content-Type字段中,我们可以读出很多信息,它们以分号彼此区分。我们找到其中关于charset的设置,将其返回。
最后我们来看一看Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
/** * Extracts a {@link Cache.Entry} from a {@link NetworkResponse}. * * @param response The network response to parse headers from * @return a cache entry for the given response, or null if the response is not cacheable. */ public static Cache.Entry parseCacheHeaders(NetworkResponse response) { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); Map<String, String> headers = response.headers; long serverDate = 0; long lastModified = 0; long serverExpires = 0; long softExpire = 0; long finalExpire = 0; long maxAge = 0; long staleWhileRevalidate = 0; boolean hasCacheControl = false; boolean mustRevalidate = false; String serverEtag = null; String headerValue; headerValue = headers.get("Date"); if (headerValue != null) { serverDate = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue); } headerValue = headers.get("Cache-Control"); if (headerValue != null) { hasCacheControl = true; String[] tokens = headerValue.split(","); for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { String token = tokens[i].trim(); if (token.equals("no-cache") || token.equals("no-store")) { return null; } else if (token.startsWith("max-age=")) { try { maxAge = Long.parseLong(token.substring(8)); } catch (Exception e) { } } else if (token.startsWith("stale-while-revalidate=")) { try { staleWhileRevalidate = Long.parseLong(token.substring(23)); } catch (Exception e) { } } else if (token.equals("must-revalidate") || token.equals("proxy-revalidate")) { mustRevalidate = true; } } } headerValue = headers.get("Expires"); if (headerValue != null) { serverExpires = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue); } headerValue = headers.get("Last-Modified"); if (headerValue != null) { lastModified = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue); } serverEtag = headers.get("ETag"); // Cache-Control takes precedence over an Expires header, even if both exist and Expires // is more restrictive. if (hasCacheControl) { softExpire = now + maxAge * 1000; finalExpire = mustRevalidate ? softExpire : softExpire + staleWhileRevalidate * 1000; } else if (serverDate > 0 && serverExpires >= serverDate) { // Default semantic for Expire header in HTTP specification is softExpire. softExpire = now + (serverExpires - serverDate); finalExpire = softExpire; } Cache.Entry entry = new Cache.Entry(); entry.data = response.data; entry.etag = serverEtag; entry.softTtl = softExpire; entry.ttl = finalExpire; entry.serverDate = serverDate; entry.lastModified = lastModified; entry.responseHeaders = headers; return entry; } /** * Parse date in RFC1123 format, and return its value as epoch */ public static long parseDateAsEpoch(String dateStr) { try { // Parse date in RFC1123 format if this header contains one return DateUtils.parseDate(dateStr).getTime(); } catch (DateParseException e) { // Date in invalid format, fallback to 0 return 0; } }
这一段是解析http的Response中的缓存机制。
我们从Response中取出了以下一些属性:Cache-Control;Expires;Last-Modified;Etag
Cache-Control——缓存控制:
no-cache 指示请求或响应消息不能缓存(HTTP/1.0用Pragma的no-cache替换) 根据什么能被缓存 no-store 用于防止重要的信息被无意的发布。在请求消息中发送将使得请求和响应消息都不使用缓存。 根据缓存超时 max-age 指示客户机可以接收生存期不大于指定时间(以秒为单位)的响应。 min-fresh 指示客户机可以接收响应时间小于当前时间加上指定时间的响应。 max-stale 指示客户机可以接收超出超时期间的响应消息。如果指定max-stale消息的值,那么客户机可以 接收超出超时期指定值之内的响应消息。
Expires:
表示存在时间,允许客户端在这个时间之前不去检查(发请求),等同max-age的 效果。但是如果同时存在,则被Cache-Control的max-age覆盖。
Last-Modified:服务器上文件的最后修改时间
Etag:
Etag 主要为了解决 Last-Modified 无法解决的一些问题。 1、 一些文件也许会周期性的更改,但是他的内容并不改变(仅仅改变的修改时间),这个时候我们并不希望客户端认为这个文件被修改了,而重新GET; 2、某些文件修改非常频繁,比如在秒以下的时间内进行修改,(比方说1s内修改了N次),If-Modified-Since能检查到的粒度是s级的,这种修改无法判断(或者说UNIX记录MTIME只能精确到秒) 3、某些服务器不能精确的得到文件的最后修改时间; 为此,HTTP/1.1 引入了 Etag(Entity Tags).Etag仅仅是一个和文件相关的标记,可以是一个版本标记,比如说v1.0.0或者说"2e681a-6-5d044840"这么一串看起来很神秘的编码。但是HTTP/1.1标准并没有规定Etag的内容是什么或者说要怎么实现,唯一规定的是Etag需要放在""内。
最后:
/** Returns a successful response containing the parsed result. */ public static <T> Response<T> success(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry) { return new Response<T>(result, cacheEntry); } private Response(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry) { this.result = result; this.cacheEntry = cacheEntry; this.error = null; }
Done~~