*/-->

Linux Makefile Howto

As far as I can remember, I have worked with makefile for quite a while, and I
will look up for the meaning of all kinds of symbols in it, and after a
thorough understanding of one makefile and the combination of a makefile I used
most, I will post my own version of the makefile.

I will borrow the example I found on the
Internet.(A Simple Makefile Tutorial) and (makefile by examples)

The following files are needed to make the compilation correct:

extern void print_hello(void);

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void print_hello(void)
{
    printf("Hello make world!\n");
}

#include "hellomake.h"

int main(void)
{
    print_hello();
}

In a typical small or medium sized project, these directories are needed:

The src/Makefile has the following contents:

CC=gcc
IDIR = ../include
CFLAGS=-I$(IDIR)

ODIR = obj
LDIR = ../libs

LIBS = -lm

_DEPS = hellomake.h
DEPS = $(patsubst %,$(IDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))

SOURCES = $(wildcard *.c)
_OBJ = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))

EXE = hellomake
EXEDIR = ../exe

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o [email protected] $< $(CFLAGS)

$(EXEDIR)/$(EXE): $(OBJ)
    gcc -o [email protected] $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY:clean

clean:
    rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o $(EXEDIR)/$(EXE)

A fe-fined version of the makefile looks like:

CC=gcc
IDIR = ../include
CFLAGS=-I$(IDIR)
ODIR = obj
LDIR = ../libs
EXEDIR = ../exe
LIBS = -lm
DEPS = $(IDIR)/$(wildcard *.h)
SOURCES = $(wildcard *.c)
_OBJ = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))

#the name of the executable file should be changed when used in a specific project
EXE = hellomake

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
    $(CC) -c -o [email protected] $< $(CFLAGS)

$(EXEDIR)/$(EXE): $(OBJ)
    gcc -o [email protected] $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY:clean

clean:
    rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o $(EXEDIR)/$(EXE)

#make project-dir-tree is used to create the necessary directory structure used in this makefile
project-dir-tree:
    mkdir include libs src src/obj exe
    cp Makefile ./src

In order to use this makefile, you should first create a project directory say,
test_project, and you copy the makefile to the newly created directory, then
invoke make project-dir-tree the following directories will appear, and you
can organize your project clearly.

But if you are working on a relatively small project which involves only a
couple of source files, you can use this simplified version of makefile:

CC=gcc
CFLAGS = -I.
DEFPS = $(wildcard *.h)
SOURCES = $(wildcard *.c)
OBJ = $(SOURCES:.o=.c)
LIBS = -lm

EXE = test

%.o:%.c $(DEPS)
    gcc -c -o [email protected] $< $(CFLAGS)

$(EXE):$(OBJ)
    gcc -o [email protected] $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

.PHONY:clean

clean:
    rm -rf *.o $(EXE)

With this file in hand, you can modify the desired output of the EXE to get
the desired exe-file, and that is all you need do, enjoy it!

By the way, if you don‘t want to compile all the source files in a directory,
you can specify the sources files you want to compile by changing the SOURCES
variable, like

Author: wujing

Created: 2014-08-26 二 10:08

Emacs 24.3.1 (Org mode 8.2.6)

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