zip命令用来压缩文件。gzip是个使用广泛的压缩程序,文件经它压缩过后,其名称后面会多处“.gz”扩展名。
(1)用法:
用法: gzip [选项参数][-s <压缩字尾字符串>] [文件...]
或 gzip [选项参数][-s <压缩字尾字符串>] [目录]
(2)功能:
功能: gzip是个使用广泛的解压缩程序,它用于解开被gzip压缩过的文件,这些压缩文件预设最后的扩展名为".gz"。
事实上gzip就是gzip的硬连接,因此不论是压缩或解压缩,都可通过gzip指令单独完成。
(3)选项参数:
1) -d --decompress --uncompress 解开压缩文件;
2) -v --verbose 显示指令执行过程;
3) -l --list 列出压缩文件的相关信息;
4) -r --recursive 递归处理,将指定目录下的所有文件及子目录一并处理;
5) -A --catenate: 新增文件到已存在的备份文件;
6) -B 设置区块大小
7) -c 把解压后的文件输出到标准输出设备
(4)实例:
1)[[email protected] Dir]# gzip * 压缩当前目录下的所有文件,文件后缀名加上.gz(gzip调用时自动执行压缩或解压缩命令)
[[email protected] Dir]# gzip * [[email protected] Dir]# ll 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 411 5月 9 07:59 head_text.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 67 5月 9 08:15 less1.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 80 5月 9 08:16 less2.gz
2)[[email protected] Dir]# gzip -d * 解压当前目录的所有文件
[[email protected] Dir]# gzip * //解压并不能像压缩时那样什么参数都不带,需要带解压命令-d gzip: head_text.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged gzip: less1.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged gzip: less2.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged [[email protected] Dir]# gzip -d * [[email protected] Dir]# ll 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 664 5月 9 07:59 head_text -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 45 5月 9 08:15 less1 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 57 5月 9 08:16 less2
3)[[email protected] Dir]# gzip -v * 显示命令执行时的具体的步骤
[[email protected] Dir]# gzip -v * head_text: 42.3% -- replaced with head_text.gz less1: 4.4% -- replaced with less1.gz less2: 1.8% -- replaced with less2.gz [[email protected] Dir]# gzip -dv * head_text.gz: 42.3% -- replaced with head_text less1.gz: 4.4% -- replaced with less1 less2.gz: 1.8% -- replaced with less2
4)[[email protected] Dir]# gzip -l *
[[email protected] Dir]# gzip -l * compressed uncompressed ratio uncompressed_name 411 664 42.3% head_text 67 45 4.4% less1 80 57 1.8% less2 558 766 30.3% (totals) [[email protected] Dir]# ll 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 411 5月 9 07:59 head_text.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 67 5月 9 08:15 less1.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 80 5月 9 08:16 less2.gz
5)[[email protected] findDir]# tar -cvf Dir.tar Dir 先用tar命令打包
[[email protected] findDir]# tar -cvf Dir.tar Dir Dir/ Dir/head_text.gz Dir/less1.gz Dir/less2.gz [[email protected] findDir]# ll 总用量 12 dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root sunjimeng 55 5月 24 07:28 Dir -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10240 5月 24 07:34 Dir.tar [[email protected] findDir]# gzip -v Dir.tar Dir.tar: 92.1% -- replaced with Dir.tar.gz [[email protected] findDir]# gzip -l Dir.tar.gz compressed uncompressed ratio uncompressed_name 833 10240 92.1% Dir.tar
5)[[email protected] findDir]# tar cvf Dir1.tar -R Dir 打包的几种方法
[[email protected] findDir]# tar cvf Dir1.tar -R Dir 块 0:Dir/ 块 1:Dir/head_text.gz 块 3:Dir/less1.gz 块 5:Dir/less2.gz [[email protected] findDir]# tar -cvf Dir2.tar Dir Dir/ Dir/head_text.gz Dir/less1.gz Dir/less2.gz [[email protected] findDir]# tar -cvf Dir3.tar -R Dir 块 0:Dir/ 块 1:Dir/head_text.gz 块 3:Dir/less1.gz 块 5:Dir/less2.gz
6)[[email protected] Documents]# gzip -vr findDir 递归的压缩子文件夹下的文件
[[email protected] Documents]# gzip -vr findDir gzip: findDir/Dir/head_text.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged gzip: findDir/Dir/less1.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged gzip: findDir/Dir/less2.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged gzip: findDir/Dir.tar.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged findDir/Dir1.tar: 92.1% -- replaced with findDir/Dir1.tar.gz findDir/Dir2.tar: 92.1% -- replaced with findDir/Dir2.tar.gz findDir/Dir3.tar: 92.1% -- replaced with findDir/Dir3.tar.gz [[email protected] Documents]# ls -l findDir 总用量 16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 833 5月 24 07:34 Dir.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 834 5月 24 07:43 Dir3.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 834 5月 24 07:39 Dir2.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 834 5月 24 07:39 Dir1.tar.gz dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root sunjimeng 55 5月 24 07:28 Dir [[email protected] Documents]# ls -l findDir/Dir 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 80 5月 9 08:16 less2.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 67 5月 9 08:15 less1.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 411 5月 9 07:59 head_text.gz
7)[[email protected] findDir]# gzip -rdv Dir 递归的解压目录下的所有.gz的文件
[[email protected] findDir]# ls -l Dir 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 411 5月 9 07:59 head_text.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 67 5月 9 08:15 less1.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 80 5月 9 08:16 less2.gz [[email protected] findDir]# gzip -rdv Dir Dir/head_text.gz: 42.3% -- replaced with Dir/head_text Dir/less1.gz: 4.4% -- replaced with Dir/less1 Dir/less2.gz: 1.8% -- replaced with Dir/less2 [[email protected] findDir]# ls -l Dir 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 664 5月 9 07:59 head_text -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 45 5月 9 08:15 less1 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 57 5月 9 08:16 less2 [[email protected] findDir]# gzip -r Dir [[email protected] findDir]# ls -l Dir 总用量 12 -r-xr-xr-x. 1 sunjimeng root 411 5月 9 07:59 head_text.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 67 5月 9 08:15 less1.gz -r-xr-xr-x. 1 root sunjimeng 80 5月 9 08:16 less2.gz [[email protected] findDir]# gzip -dv Dir gzip: Dir is a directory -- ignored
8)[[email protected] Dir]# gzip --help
[[email protected] Dir]# gzip --help Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]... Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place). Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -c, --stdout write on standard output, keep original files unchanged -d, --decompress decompress -f, --force force overwrite of output file and compress links -h, --help give this help -l, --list list compressed file contents -L, --license display software license -n, --no-name do not save or restore the original name and time stamp -N, --name save or restore the original name and time stamp -q, --quiet suppress all warnings -r, --recursive operate recursively on directories -S, --suffix=SUF use suffix SUF on compressed files -t, --test test compressed file integrity -v, --verbose verbose mode -V, --version display version number -1, --fast compress faster -9, --best compress better --rsyncable Make rsync-friendly archive With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Report bugs to <[email protected]>.