在Android编程过程中,我们会写大量的布局和点击事件,像初始view、设置view监听这样简单而重复的操作让人觉得麻烦类,所以可以采用注解的方式去实现,而ButterKnife则是注解中相对简单易懂的很不错的开源框架,而网上的文档和例子都过时了,7.0之后的版本改动很大,之前的注解都不能用了,所以借鉴官方文档总结了一下,接下来就介绍一下如何使用。基本参照官方文档,加上自己的心得。
ButterKnife 优势:
1.强大的View绑定和Click事件处理功能,简化代码,提升开发效率
2.方便的处理Adapter里的ViewHolder绑定问题
3.运行时不会影响APP效率,使用配置方便
4.代码清晰,可读性强
使用心得:
1.Activity ButterKnife.bind(this);必须在setContentView();之后,且父类bind绑定后,子类不需要再bind
2.Fragment ButterKnife.bind(this, mRootView);
3.属性布局不能用private or static 修饰,否则会报错
4.setContentView()不能通过注解实现。(其他的有些注解框架可以)
官网http://jakewharton.github.io/butterknife/
使用步骤:
一.导入ButterKnife jar包:
1)如果你是Eclipse,可以去官网下载jar包
2)如果你是AndroidStudio可以直接 File->Project Structure->Dependencies->Library dependency 搜索butterknife即可,第一个就是
3)当然也可以用maven和gradle配置
[html] view
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- MAVEN
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.jakewharton</groupId>
- <artifactId>butterknife</artifactId>
- <version>(insert latest version)</version>
- </dependency>
- GRADLE
- compile ‘com.jakewharton:butterknife:(insert latest version)‘
- Be sure to suppress this lint warning in your build.gradle.(关闭)
- lintOptions {
- disable ‘InvalidPackage‘
- }
二.常见使用方法:
1)由于每次都要在Activity中的onCreate绑定Activity,所以个人建议写一个BaseActivity完成绑定,子类继承即可
注:ButterKnife.bind(this);绑定Activity 必须在setContentView之后:
实现如下(FragmentActivity 实现一样):
[java] view
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- public abstract class BaseActivity extends Activity {
- public abstract int getContentViewId();
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(getContentViewId());
- ButterKnife.bind(this);
- initAllMembersView(savedInstanceState);
- }
- protected abstract void initAllMembersView(Bundle savedInstanceState);
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- ButterKnife.unbind(this);//解除绑定,官方文档只对fragment做了解绑
- }
- }
2)绑定fragment
[java] view
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- public abstract class BaseFragment extends Fragment {
- public abstract int getContentViewId();
- protected Context context;
- protected View mRootView;
- @Nullable
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- mRootView =inflater.inflate(getContentViewId(),container,false);
- ButterKnife.bind(this,mRootView);//绑定framgent
- this.context = getActivity();
- initAllMembersView(savedInstanceState);
- return mRootView;
- }
- protected abstract void initAllMembersView(Bundle savedInstanceState);
- @Override
- public void onDestroyView() {
- super.onDestroyView();
- ButterKnife.unbind(this);//解绑
- }
- }
3)绑定view
[java] view
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- @Bind(R.id.hello_world)
- TextView mHelloWorldTextView;
- @Bind(R.id.app_name)
- TextView mAppNameTextView;//view
4)绑定资源
[java] view
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- @BindString(R.string.app_name)
- String appName;//sting
- @BindColor(R.color.red)
- int textColor;//颜色
- @BindDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
- Drawable drawable;//drawble
- @Bind(R.id.imageview)
- ImageView mImageView;
- @Bind(R.id.checkbox)
- CheckBox mCheckBox;
- @BindDrawable(R.drawable.selector_image)
- Drawable selector;
5)Adapter ViewHolder 绑定
[java] view
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- public class TestAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
- private List<String> list;
- private Context context;
- public TestAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) {
- this.list = list;
- this.context = context;
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
- return list==null ? 0 : list.size();
- }
- @Override
- public Object getItem(int position) {
- return list.get(position);
- }
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
- return position;
- }
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- ViewHolder holder;
- if (convertView == null) {
- convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.layout_list_item, null);
- holder = new ViewHolder(convertView);
- convertView.setTag(holder);
- } else {
- holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
- }
- holder.textview.setText("item=====" + position);
- return convertView;
- }
- static class ViewHolder {
- @Bind(R.id.hello_world)
- TextView textview;
- public ViewHolder(View view) {
- ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
- }
- }
- }
6)点击事件的绑定:不用声明view,不用setOnClickLisener()就可以绑定点击事件
a.直接绑定一个方法
[java] view
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- @OnClick(R.id.submit)
- public void submit(View view) {
- // TODO submit data to server...
- }
b.所有监听方法的参数是可选的
[java] view
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- @OnClick(R.id.submit)
- public void submit() {
- // TODO submit data to server...
- }
c.定义一个特定类型,它将自动被转换
[java] view
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- @OnClick(R.id.submit)
- public void sayHi(Button button) {
- button.setText("Hello!");
- }
d.多个view统一处理同一个点击事件,很方便,避免抽方法重复调用的麻烦
[java] view
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- @OnClick({ R.id.door1, R.id.door2, R.id.door3 })
- public void pickDoor(DoorView door) {
- if (door.hasPrizeBehind()) {
- Toast.makeText(this, "You win!", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- } else {
- Toast.makeText(this, "Try again", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
e.自定义view可以绑定自己的监听,不指定id
[java] view
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- public class FancyButton extends Button {
- @OnClick
- public void onClick() {
- // TODO do something!
- }
- }
f.给EditText加addTextChangedListener(即添加多回调方法的监听的使用方法),利用指定回调,实现想回调的方法即可,哪个注解不会用点进去看下源码上的注释就会用了
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- @OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.BEFORE_TEXT_CHANGED)
- void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {
- }
- @OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.TEXT_CHANGED)
- void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
- }
- @OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.AFTER_TEXT_CHANGED)
- void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
- }
7)对一组View进行统一操作
a.装入一个list
[java] view
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- @Bind({ R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name })
- List<EditText> nameViews;
b.设置统一处理
[java] view
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- static final ButterKnife.Action<View> DISABLE = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
- @Override public void apply(View view, int index) {
- view.setEnabled(false);
- }
- };
- static final ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean> ENABLED = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
- @Override public void set(View view, Boolean value, int index) {
- view.setEnabled(value);
- }
- };
c.统一操作处理,例如设置是否可点,属性等
[java] view
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- ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE);
- ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, false);
8)可选绑定:默认情况下,“绑定”和“监听”绑定都是必需的。如果不能找到目标视图,则将抛出异常。所以做空处理
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- @Nullable @Bind(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;
- @Nullable @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
- // TODO ...
- }
三、代码混淆
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- -keep class butterknife.** { *; }
- -dontwarn butterknife.internal.**
- -keep class **$$ViewBinder { *; }
- -keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
- @butterknife.* <fields>;
- }
- -keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
- @butterknife.* <methods>;
- }
四、Zelezny插件的使用
在AndroidStudio->File->Settings->Plugins->搜索Zelezny下载添加就行 ,可以快速生成对应组件的实例对象,不用手动写。使用时,在要导入注解的Activity 或 Fragment 或 ViewHolder的layout资源代码上,右键——>Generate——Generate ButterKnife Injections,然后就出现如图的选择框。(此动态图来自官网)