MongoDB存储----文档型数据库
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利用pymongo连接MongoDB
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) # 或 pymongo.MongoClient(‘mongodb://localhost:23017/‘) # 默认端口为:27017
# pymongo.MongoClient()方法
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指定数据库
# 指定操作test数据库# db = client.test 或 db = client[‘test‘]
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指定集合
# 指定一个集合要操作的集合students# collection = db.students 或 collection = db[‘students‘]
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插入数据
import pymongo # 连接MongoDB client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) # 指定数据库 db = client.test # 指定集合 collection = db.students # 数据 student = { ‘id‘: ‘20180001‘, ‘name‘: ‘Jordan‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘ } # 利用insert_one()方法插入一条数据 result = collection.insert_one(student) print(result) # 运行输出：<pymongo.results.InsertOneResult object at 0x11089b448> # 在MongoDB中，每条数据其实都有一个_id属性来唯一标识。如果没有显式指明该属性，MongoDB会自动产生一个ObjectId类型的_id属性。 # 使用 insert_one()和 insert_many()方法来分别插入单条记录和多条记录插入单条数据
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students student1 = { ‘id‘: ‘20180002‘, ‘name‘: ‘Lee Hua‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘ } student2 = { ‘id‘: ‘20180003‘, ‘name‘: ‘Mike‘, ‘age‘: 21, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘ } result = collection.insert_many([student1, student2]) print(result) print(result.inserted_ids) # 调用inserted_ids属性可以获取数据的_id列表 # 运行输出： <pymongo.results.InsertManyResult object at 0x110826d88> [ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929428‘), ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929429‘)]插入多条数据
# insert_one()方法 和 insert_many()方法
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查询
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students result = collection.find_one({‘name‘: ‘Lee Hua‘}) print(result) # 输出： {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929428‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180002‘, ‘name‘: ‘Lee Hua‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘}查询单条数据
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students result = collection.find() print(result) for r in result: print(r) # find()方法返回一个迭代器，用for循环逐条输出 # 输出结果： <pymongo.cursor.Cursor object at 0x10e0f7320> {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28ae0360105a198d9d501a‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180001‘, ‘name‘: ‘Jordan‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28ae2d8b3d004feb604874‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180001‘, ‘name‘: ‘Jordan‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929428‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180002‘, ‘name‘: ‘Lee Hua‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929429‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180003‘, ‘name‘: ‘Mike‘, ‘age‘: 21, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘}查询多条数据
# find_one()方法 和 find()方法
可以在这两个方法里面添加条件，如：
find( { ‘name‘: {‘$regex‘: ‘^M.*‘} })这里查找的是以‘M‘开头的名字的那些数据，$regex指定的是正则表达式，
^M.*是一条正则表达式
更多功能符号（如$regex）、数值比较符号的查看MongoDB官方文档：https://docs.mongodb.com/?searchProperty=manual
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计数
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students count = collection.count_documents( { ‘id‘: {‘$regex‘: ‘^(2018)‘} } ) print(count) # 输出id为2018开头的数据的条数# collection.count_documents({条件}) 方法 -
排序
1 import pymongo 2 3 client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) 4 db = client.test 5 collection = db.students 6 7 result = collection.find().sort(‘id‘, pymongo.ASCENDING) 8 for r in result: 9 print(r) 10 11 12 # 以id升序输出所有的数据： 13 {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28ae0360105a198d9d501a‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180001‘, ‘name‘: ‘Jordan‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} 14 {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28ae2d8b3d004feb604874‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180001‘, ‘name‘: ‘Jordan‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} 15 {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929428‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180002‘, ‘name‘: ‘Lee Hua‘, ‘age‘: 20, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} 16 {‘_id‘: ObjectId(‘5d28b293e834575faf929429‘), ‘id‘: ‘20180003‘, ‘name‘: ‘Mike‘, ‘age‘: 21, ‘gender‘: ‘male‘} 17 18 19 # sort()方法进行排序 20 # pymongo.ASCENDING指定升序 21 # pymongo.DESCENDING指定降序# sort()方法
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偏移
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students results = collection.find().sort(‘id‘, pymongo.DESCENDING).skip(1) print( [ result[‘id‘] for result in results ] ) # 输出： [‘20180002‘, ‘20180001‘, ‘20180001‘] # skip(1)表示偏移1，即忽略前面一个元素skip()方法
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client.test collection = db.students results = collection.find().sort(‘id‘, pymongo.DESCENDING).skip(1).limit(2) print( [ result[‘id‘] for result in results ] ) # 输出： [‘20180002‘, ‘20180001‘] # limit(2) 即表示限制输出的数据条数为两条limit()方法
# 数据量很大时，不使用大的偏移量来查询数据
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更新
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client[‘test‘] collection = db[‘students‘] # 查询条件：age >= 20 query_condition = { ‘age‘: {‘$gte‘: 20} } # 更新条件：数据的age加1 update_condition = { ‘$inc‘: {‘age‘: 1} } result = collection.update_one(query_condition, update_condition) print(result) print(result.matched_count, result.modified_count) # 输出： <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x110a11c88> 1 1 # 返回的结果是UpdateResul类型的 # 调用matched_count属性，获得匹配数据的条数 # 调用modified_count属性，获得影响数据的条数 # $gte ： 大于等于 # $inc ： 将字段递增指定的值 # updata_one()更新与筛选器匹配的单个文档update_one()方法
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client[‘test‘] collection = db[‘students‘] query_condition = { ‘age‘: {‘$gte‘: 20} } update_condition = { ‘$inc‘: {‘age‘: 1} } result = collection.update_many(query_condition, update_condition) print(result) print(result.matched_count, result.modified_count) # 输出： <pymongo.results.UpdateResult object at 0x111c84448> 4 4update_many()方法
# update_one()方法 和 update_many()方法
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删除
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client[‘test‘] collection = db[‘students‘] result = collection.delete_one({‘age‘: 21}) print(result.deleted_count) # delete_one()方法：删除第一条符合条件的数据 # delete_count属性：获取删除数据的条数delete_one()方法
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=‘localhost‘, port=27017) db = client[‘test‘] collection = db[‘students‘] result = collection.delete_many({‘age‘: 21}) print(result.deleted_count) # delete_many()方法：删除所有符合条件的数据delete_many()方法
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PyMongo的详细用法：http://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/pymongo/collection.html
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/liyihua/p/11179084.html
时间： 2024-10-25 17:11:27