简介
locate命令用于查找文件，Locate可以很快速的搜寻档案系统内是否有指定的档案。其方法是先建立一个包括系统内所有档案名称及路径的数据库，之后当寻找时就只需查询这个数据库，而不必实际深入档案系统之中了。所以它需要一个数据库(默认:slocate.db)，一个配置文件(updatedb.conf)，一个crontab(定时执行)
- 先运行updatedb, 可直接命令执行，也可以放在crontab里面执行
- 然后在生成的/var/lib/slocate/slocate.db数据库中查找。
所以
- locate的速度比find快，因为它并不是真的查找文件，而是查数据库
- locate的查找并不是实时的，而是以数据库的更新为准，一般是系统自己维护.
- locate的升级数据库命令：locate -- u #注意之间有空格
# ls -lart mlocate.db #更新前
-rw-r----- 1 root slocate 1286901 Aug 8 03:23 mlocate.db
# updatedb
# ls -lart mlocate.db #更新后
-rw-r----- 1 root slocate 1296268 Aug 8 11:10 mlocate.db
用法
# locate -S //-->查看统计信息，目录，文件，比特数适用情况
Database /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db:
3,315 directories
37,228 files
1,504,439 bytes in file names
594,851 bytes used to store database
# locate -V //-->查看版本信息
<pre name="code" class="plain">mlocate 0.22.2 Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved. This software is distributed under the GPL v.2. This program is provided with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
# locate -h //-->查看帮助信息
Usage: locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...
Search for entries in a mlocate database.
-b, --basename match only the base name of path names
-c, --count only print number of found entries
-d, --database DBPATH use DBPATH instead of default database (which is
/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db)
-e, --existing only print entries for currently existing files
-L, --follow follow trailing symbolic links when checking file
existence (default)
-h, --help print this help
-i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions when matching patterns
-l, --limit, -n LIMIT limit output (or counting) to LIMIT entries
-m, --mmap ignored, for backward compatibility
-P, --nofollow, -H don't follow trailing symbolic links when checking file
existence
-0, --null separate entries with NUL on output
-S, --statistics don't search for entries, print statistics about each
used database
-q, --quiet report no error messages about reading databases
-r, --regexp REGEXP search for basic regexp REGEXP instead of patterns
--regex patterns are extended regexps
-s, --stdio ignored, for backward compatibility
-V, --version print version information
-w, --wholename match whole path name (default)
# locate /etc/sh //-->查找/etc/sh*
/etc/shadow /etc/shadow- /etc/shadow.bup /etc/shadow.bup.20140725-214324 /etc/shells
# locate -n 5 apache //-->只找带有apache目录，显示其中5行
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/apache.pp /opt/cpf/oma/3rdparty/apache-tomcat /opt/cpf/oma/3rdparty/apache-tomcat/LICENSE /opt/cpf/oma/3rdparty/apache-tomcat/NOTICE /opt/cpf/oma/3rdparty/apache-tomcat/RELEASE-NOTES
# locate -r makefile$ //-->查找结尾为makefile的文件目录
/usr/share/doc/bcel-5.2/verifier/GNUmakefile
# locate -n 3 -r ^\/opt //-->查找以/opt开头的目录，且只显示3行
/opt /opt/cpf /opt/oss
#locate -i /HTTP //-->查找/HTTP目录，忽略大小写
/usr/share/perl5/Net/HTTP/NB.pm /usr/share/perl5/URI/http.pm /usr/share/perl5/URI/https.pm
# locate -c httpd.conf //-->统计查找到的数量
3
# cat /etc/updatedb.conf //-->配置文件
PRUNE_BIND_MOUNTS = "yes" PRUNEFS="9p afs anon_inodefs auto autofs bdev binfmt_misc cgroup cifs coda configfs cpuset debugfs devpts ecryptfs exofs fuse fusectl gfs gfs2 hugetlbfs inotifyfs iso9660 jffs2 lustre mqueue ncpfs nfs nfs4 nfsd pipefs proc ramfs rootfs rpc_pipefs securityfs selinuxfs sfs sockfs sysfs tmpfs ubifs udf usbfs efs100 lofs" PRUNENAMES = ".git .hg .svn" PRUNEPATHS = "/afs /media /net /sfs /tmp /udev /var/cache/ccache /var/spool/cups /var/spool/squid /var/tmp" PRUNEPATHS="/efs /efsroots" export PRUNEPATHS