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R语言数据帧
1特点//
表或二维阵列状结构
每一列包含一个变量的值, 列名称应为非空。
存储在数据帧中的数据可以是数字,因子或字符类型。
每个列应包含相同数量的数据项
2创建数据帧
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Print the data frame.
print(emp.data)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
emp_id emp_name salary start_date
1 1 Rick 623.30 2012-01-01
2 2 Dan 515.20 2013-09-23
3 3 Michelle 611.00 2014-11-15
4 4 Ryan 729.00 2014-05-11
5 5 Gary 843.25 2015-03-27
3获取数据帧的结构//通过使用str()函数可以看到数据帧的结构。
str(emp.data)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
‘data.frame‘: 5 obs. of 4 variables:
$ emp_id : int 1 2 3 4 5
$ emp_name : chr "Rick" "Dan" "Michelle" "Ryan" ...
$ salary : num 623 515 611 729 843
$ start_date: Date, format: "2012-01-01" "2013-09-23" "2014-11-15" "2014-05-11" ...
4数据框中的数据摘要//可以通过应用summary()函数获取数据的统计摘要和性质
print(summary(emp.data))
emp_id emp_name salary start_date
Min. :1 Length:5 Min. :515.2 Min. :2012-01-01
1st Qu.:2 Class :character 1st Qu.:611.0 1st Qu.:2013-09-23
Median :3 Mode :character Median :623.3 Median :2014-05-11
Mean :3 Mean :664.4 Mean :2014-01-14
3rd Qu.:4 3rd Qu.:729.0 3rd Qu.:2014-11-15
Max. :5 Max. :843.2 Max. :2015-03-27
5从数据帧提取数据
result <- data.frame(emp.data$emp_name,emp.data$salary)//这里获取
print(result)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
emp.data.emp_name emp.data.salary
1 Rick 623.30
2 Dan 515.20
3 Michelle 611.00
4 Ryan 729.00
5 Gary 843.25
提取所有列
result <- emp.data[1:2,]
print(result)
emp_id emp_name salary start_date
1 1 Rick 623.3 2012-01-01
2 2 Dan 515.2 2013-09-23
用第2和第4列提取第3和第5行
result <- emp.data[c(3,5),c(2,4)]
print(result)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
emp_name start_date
3 Michelle 2014-11-15
5 Gary 2015-03-27
6扩展数据帧
可以通过添加列和行来扩展数据帧。
1添加列
只需使用新的列名称添加列向量。
emp.data$dept <- c("IT","Operations","IT","HR","Finance") //添加新的列 dept
v <- emp.data
print(v)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
emp_id emp_name salary start_date dept
1 1 Rick 623.30 2012-01-01 IT
2 2 Dan 515.20 2013-09-23 Operations
3 3 Michelle 611.00 2014-11-15 IT
4 4 Ryan 729.00 2014-05-11 HR
5 5 Gary 843.25 2015-03-27 Finance
2添加行
要将更多行永久添加到现有数据帧,我们需要引入与现有数据帧相同结构的新行,并使用rbind()函数
貌似像两个数据帧合并
# Create the first data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
dept = c("IT","Operations","IT","HR","Finance"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Create the second data frame
emp.newdata <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (6:8),
emp_name = c("Rasmi","Pranab","Tusar"),
salary = c(578.0,722.5,632.8),
start_date = as.Date(c("2013-05-21","2013-07-30","2014-06-17")),
dept = c("IT","Operations","Fianance"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Bind the two data frames.
emp.finaldata <- rbind(emp.data,emp.newdata) //添加新的行,貌似就是合并
print(emp.finaldata)
当我们执行上面的代码,它产生以下结果 -
emp_id emp_name salary start_date dept
1 1 Rick 623.30 2012-01-01 IT
2 2 Dan 515.20 2013-09-23 Operations
3 3 Michelle 611.00 2014-11-15 IT
4 4 Ryan 729.00 2014-05-11 HR
5 5 Gary 843.25 2015-03-27 Finance
6 6 Rasmi 578.00 2013-05-21 IT
7 7 Pranab 722.50 2013-07-30 Operations
8 8 Tusar 632.80 2014-06-17 Fianance