错误分析：
[[email protected] pfile]$ sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 10 01:51:24 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00123: invalid character 0 found in the input file
在提交startup命令之后，Oracle会自动按照如下的顺序查找参数文件完成数据库的启动。
1）spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora
2）spfile.ora
3）init$ORACLE_SID.ora
应该是这三个参数文件都找不到，或是有问题导致startup报错。
解决方法：
方法1、使用pfile参数文件启动：
startup pfile=‘/home/oracle/admin/orcl2/pfile/init.ora.25201512422‘;
方法2、使用pfile来创建init$ORCLE_SID.ora
[[email protected] pfile]$ pwd
/home/oracle/admin/orcl2/pfile
[[email protected] pfile]$ cp init.ora.25201512422 /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initORCL2.ora
之后startup 正常
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 415236096 bytes
Fixed Size 2021216 bytes
Variable Size 121637024 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
或重启创建spfileORCL2.ora文件
create spfile=’/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileORCL2.ora from pfile=‘/home/oracle/admin/orcl2/pfile/init.ora.25201512422‘;