1. 背景
* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中
* 当使用非加密方式连接MySQL数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用SSL连接的方式。
2. MySQL 连接方式
* socket连接
* TCP非SSL连接
* SSL安全连接
3. SSL 简介
* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。
4. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]
* system 环境
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final) [[email protected] ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64 [[email protected] ~]# getenforce Disabled
* MySQL 环境 [ MySQL 5.6安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 ]
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为DISABLED表示ssl未开启
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.36 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%‘; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | +---------------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘port‘; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | port | 3306 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘datadir‘; +---------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------------------+ | datadir | /data/mysql_data/ | +---------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5. 通过openssl 制作生成 SSL 证书
* 生成一个 CA 私钥
[[email protected] ~]# openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus .............................+++ ....................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
* 通过 CA 私钥生成数字证书
[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3600 > -key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: State or Province Name (full name) []: Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []: Email Address []:
* 创建 MySQL 服务器 私钥和请求证书
[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 > -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .................................+++ .......................................................+++ writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem‘ ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: State or Province Name (full name) []: Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []: Email Address []: Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
* 将生成的私钥转换为 RSA 私钥文件格式
[[email protected] ~]# openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem writing RSA key
* 用CA 证书来生成一个服务器端的数字证书
[[email protected] ~]# openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 3600 > -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem Signature ok subject=/C=XX/L=Default City/O=Default Company Ltd Getting CA Private Key
* 创建客户端的 RSA 私钥和数字证书
[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 > -nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ..........................................................+++ .................+++ writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem‘ ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: State or Province Name (full name) []: Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []: Email Address []: Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
* 将生成的私钥转换为 RSA 私钥文件格式
[[email protected] ~]# openssl rsa -in client-key.pem -out client-key.pem writing RSA key
* 用CA 证书来生成一个客户端的数字证书
[[email protected] ~]# openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 3600 > -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out client-cert.pem Signature ok subject=/C=XX/L=Default City/O=Default Company Ltd Getting CA Private Key
* 查看所有生成的SSL文件
[[email protected] ~]# ls -l *.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 14:16 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1220 Jun 24 14:19 ca.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Jun 24 14:29 client-cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 14:28 client-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 952 Jun 24 14:28 client-req.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Jun 24 14:24 server-cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 14:23 server-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 952 Jun 24 14:20 server-req.pem
6. MySQL 配置启动 SSL
* 复制 CA 证书和服务端SSL文件至MySQL 数据目录
[[email protected] ~]# cp ca.pem server-*.pem /data/mysql_data -v `ca.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem‘ `server-cert.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem‘ `server-key.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem‘ `server-req.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/server-req.pem‘
* 修改 MySQL 数据目录的CA 证书和服务端 SSL 文件所属用户与组
[[email protected] ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/{ca,server*}.pem
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-req.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
* 配置 MySQL 服务的配置文件 [/etc/my.cnf]
[mysqld] ssl-ca=/data/mysql_data/ca.pem ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重启MySQL服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
* 登陆查看SSL开启状态
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为YES表示ssl开启成功
mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%‘; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | +---------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
6. SSL连接测试
* 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接
mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘ssl_test‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘ require SSL; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通过密码连接测试
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p‘123‘ Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘ssl_test‘@‘192.168.60.129‘ (using password: YES)
* 通过客户端密钥与证书SSL + 密码连接测试
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.36, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 20 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: ‘‘ Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 16 min 38 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 35 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 67 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 60 Queries per second avg: 0.035
7. 总结
以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。
时间： 2024-10-14 09:21:34