前面三篇文章讲述了如何配置MyEclipse和Tomcat开发JSP网站、如何配置Servlet简单实现表单提交、如何配置MySQL实现JSP数据库查询。
这篇文章主要讲述Servlet表单的提交、Java中实现数据库的查询操作和自己遇到的瓶颈及理解。Java Web基础性文章,希望对大家有所帮助~
Java+MyEclipse+Tomcat
(一)配置过程及jsp网站开发入门
Java+MyEclipse+Tomcat
(二)配置Servlet及简单实现表单提交
Java+MyEclipse+Tomcat (三)配置MySQL及查询数据显示在JSP网页中
两个项目的免费下载地址(希望对你有所帮助):
一. Servlet表单提交
新建Web Project,项目名称为TestServlet01。项目结构如下图所示:
然后修改index.jsp代码如下:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <style> body, div, td, input {font-size:18px; margin:0px; } .line {margin:2px; } </style> </head> <body> <form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST"> <div align="center"> <br/> <fieldset style='width:60%'> <legend>填写用户信息</legend> <br/> <div class='line'> <div align="left">出发地: <input type="text" id="start" name="start" style='font-size:18px' width=200/> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <div align="left">到达地: <input type="text" id="end" name="end" style='font-size:18px'/> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <br /> <div align="left">请选择性别: <input type="radio" name="sex" value="男" id="sexMale"> <label for="sexMale">男</label> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="女" id="sexFemale"> <label for="sexFemale">女</label> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <div align="left">请选择您的爱好: <input type="checkbox" name="interesting" value="音乐" id="i1"> <label for="i1">音乐</label> <input type="checkbox" name="interesting" value="旅游" id="i2"> <label for="i2">旅游</label> <input type="checkbox" name="interesting" value="运动" id="i3"> <label for="i3">运动</label> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <div align="left">请选择车票类型: <select name="seat"> <option>---请选择乘坐类型---</option> <optgroup label="卧铺"> <option value="上铺">上铺</option> <option value="中铺">中铺</option> <option value="下铺">下铺</option> </optgroup> <optgroup label="其他"> <option value="硬座">硬座</option> <option value="软座">软座</option> <option value="站票">站票</option> </optgroup> </select> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <br /> <div align="left" class='leftDiv'>备注信息:</div> <div align="left" class='rightDiv'> <textarea name="description" rows="8" style="width:300px; ">请填写备注信息... </textarea> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <div align="left"> <br/><input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息" style='font-size:18px'/><br/> </div> </div> </fieldset> </div> </form> </body> </html>
运行效果如下图所示:
核心代码:
<form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST">
出发地:<input type="text" id="start" name="start" style=‘font-size:18px‘/>
<input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息"/>
</form>
然后再src中右键添加Package,包名为servlet;再添加Servlet文件,文件名PostServlet.java。选择图标。前面文章讲述过Servlet的手动配置过程,包括servlet类、映射等,现在它自动生成的WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <servlet> <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description> <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name> <servlet-name>PostServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>servlet.PostServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>PostServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/PostServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
同时修改src/servlet/PostServlet.java文件,采用POST方法显示表单数据:
package servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class PostServlet extends HttpServlet { public PostServlet() { super(); } public void destroy() { super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log // Put your code here } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"); out.println("<HTML>"); out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>"); out.println(" <BODY>"); out.print(" This is "); out.print(this.getClass()); out.println(", using the GET method"); out.println(" </BODY>"); out.println("</HTML>"); out.flush(); out.close(); } /** * The doPost method of the servlet. <br> * * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post. * * @param request the request send by the client to the server * @param response the response send by the server to the client * @throws ServletException if an error occurred * @throws IOException if an error occurred */ public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //设置输出编码 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String startName = request.getParameter("start"); //获取出发地 String endName = request.getParameter("end"); //获取到达地 String sex = request.getParameter("sex"); //获取性别 String [] interest = request.getParameterValues("interesting"); //获取兴趣 String seat = request.getParameter("seat"); //获取座位 String info = request.getParameter("description"); //获取备注信息 response.setContentType("text/html"); //设置输出类型 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); //获取out对象 out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"); out.println("<HTML>"); out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>"); out.println(" <BODY>"); out.println("<H2>出发地:"+ startName +"</H2>"); out.println("<H2>到达地:"+ endName +"</H2>"); out.println("<H2>性别:"+ sex +"</H2>"); out.println("<H2>兴趣"); for(String str:interest) { out.println(str+" "); } out.println("</H2><H2>座位类型:"+ seat +"</H2>"); out.println("<H2>备注信息:"+ info +"</H2>"); out.println(" </BODY>"); out.println("</HTML>"); out.flush(); out.close(); } /** * Initialization of the servlet. <br> * * @throws ServletException if an error occurs */ public void init() throws ServletException { // Put your code here } }
运行效果如下图所示:
二. Servlet数据库查询
还是使用上面的项目进行修改,实现Servlet数据库查询操作。数据库配置可以参照上一篇博客配置MySQL的过程,我新建数据库test01,插入表Train,表中数据如下图:
然后修改index.jsp,代码如下:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <style> body, div, td, input {font-size:18px; margin:0px; } .line {margin:2px; } </style> </head> <body> <form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST"> <div align="center"> <br/> <fieldset style='width:60%'> <legend>填写用户信息</legend> <br/> <div class='line'> <div align="left">出发地: <input type="text" id="start" name="start" style='font-size:18px' width=200/> </div> </div> <div class='line'> <div align="left"> <br/><input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息" style='font-size:18px'/><br/> </div> </div> </fieldset> </div> </form> </body> </html>
修改的PostServlet.java代码如下:
package servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class PostServlet extends HttpServlet { //自定义变量 private Connection connection = null; //定义数据库连接对象 private String driverName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; //数据库驱动器 private String userName = "root"; //数据库用户名 private String userPasswd = "123456"; //密码 private String dbName = "test01"; //数据库名称 private String tableName = "Train"; //表明 //连接字符串 数据库地址URL MySQL数据库端口3306 private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/" + dbName + "?user=" + userName + "&password=" + userPasswd; //初始化方法 public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); } public PostServlet() { super(); } //处理GET请求方法 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //设置输出编码 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("text/html"); //设置输出类型 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); //获取out对象 try { //数据库操作 Class.forName(driverName).newInstance(); connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url); Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); String startName = request.getParameter("start"); //获取出发地 //注意:startName需要加单引号 否则报错 ——错误:Unknown column 'BeiJing' in 'where clause' String sql = "SELECT * FROM " + tableName +" WHERE startname='" + startName+"';"; if(startName=="") { sql = "SELECT * FROM " + tableName; } ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql); out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"); out.println("<HTML>"); out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>"); out.println(" <BODY>"); out.println(" <fieldset style='width:60%' ><legend>搜索结果</legend><br />"); out.println(" <TABLE align='center'border='1' cellspacing='1' cellpadding='1'>"); out.println(" <TR><TH>车号</TH><TH>出发地</TH><TH>到达地</TH></TR>"); //循环输出查询结果 while(rs.next()) { out.println(" <TR><TD>" + rs.getString(1) + "</TD>"); out.println(" <TD>" + rs.getString(2) + "</TD>"); out.println(" <TD>" + rs.getString(3) + "</TD></TR>"); } out.println(" </TABLE>"); out.println(" </fieldset>"); out.println(" </BODY>"); out.println("</HTML>"); out.flush(); out.close(); rs.close(); // 关闭记录集 statement.close(); // 关闭声明 } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("错误:"+e.getMessage()); response.sendRedirect("index.jsp"); } } //处理POST请求方法 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request,response); } //销毁方法 public void destroy() { super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log try { connection.close(); // 关闭连接对象 }catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("关闭数据库错误:"+e.getMessage()); } } }
同时WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml文件Servlet映射都没有变化,需要在WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib中添加mysql-connector-java-5.1.15-bin.jar,否则会报错“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver错误”。
运行效果如下图所示:
写到此处我产生了一个疑问,当表单提交信息时,获取数据库的结果有两种方法:
1.第一种是上一篇博客中写到的,在JSP中通过<% ....%>调用Java代码实现连接数据库,获取MySQL表中数据并显示;
2.第二种就是这篇博客中写到的,在JSP中通过Post方法提交表单Form,在Java中通过Servlet获取请求/响应,再通过Java中out.println("<HTML>...")输出数据库中值。
就这两种方法而言,我想实现的功能是:JSP就赋值布局,显示界面;Java就负责连接数据库、数据库增删改查,处理结果再返回给JSP中显示,而不是相互嵌套的。换句话说:JSP中点击“提交”按钮,TextBox中传递出发地,Java中介绍请求,数据库查询,得到的结果再返回给JSP中显示。
那怎么实现呢?后面的文章可能会讲到。
DAO和Java Bean是对JDBC进行分层、模块化的最有效两个方法。DAO(数据库操作对象,Database Access Object)是JDBC下常用模式,DAO出现之前,操作数据库的代码与业务代码都出现在Servlet或者JSP中,不利用业务代码的分离。DAO出现后,所有与数据库相关的操作全被拿到了DAO层实现,Servlet或JSP只操作Java Bean或者DAP层,而DAO层值操作数据库。
PS:非常高兴我自己通过实际项目找到了这个难点,然后又找到了解决方法。虽然才学习Java Web一周时间,还是学到很多东西的。个人感觉DAO类似于中间件的东西吧!最后希望文章对你有所帮助,这篇文章是讲述Servlet连接MySQL数据库及表单交互之间的知识。如果文章有不足或错误的地方,还请海涵!下一篇文章讲讲Session和一个典型简单的界面布局等相关知识吧!
(By:Eastmount 2015-5-15 半夜1点 http://blog.csdn.net/eastmount/)