创建绘图表面
创建绘图表面有两种常用的方法。下面设法得到PictureBox的绘图表面。
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//得到pictureBox1的绘图表面
Graphics g = this.pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();
}
private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
//得到pictureBox1的绘图表面
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
}
可以利用Graphics对象绘制出各种图形图案。控件的Paint事件和OnPaint方法都可以绘图都是好时机。在OnPaint方法里绘制图案一定从参数e里面得到Graphics属性。下面是两个例子。
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
e.Graphics.Clear(Color.White);
float x, y, w, h;
x = this.Left+2;
y = this.Top+2;
w = this.Width-4;
h = this.Height-4;
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Red, 2);
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, x, y, w, h);
base.OnPaint (e);
}
private void PictureBoxII_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Invalidate();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics().FillEllipse(
Brushes.Blue, 10, 20, 50, 100);
}
和文本有关的三个类：
FontFamily——定义有着相似的基本设计但在形式上有某些差异的一组字样。无法继承此类。
Font——定义特定的文本格式，包括字体、字号和字形属性。无法继承此类。
StringFormat——封装文本布局信息（如对齐方式和行距），显示操作（如省略号插入和国家标准 (National) 数字位替换）和 OpenType 功能。无法继承此类。
下面的程序显示了一段文字。
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.pictureBoxII1.ClientRectangle);
string s = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
FontFamily fm = new FontFamily("ËÎÌå");
Font f = new Font(fm, 20, FontStyle.Bold, GraphicsUnit.Point);
RectangleF rectF = new RectangleF(30, 20, 180, 205);
StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
SolidBrush sbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255));
sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
sf.FormatFlags = StringFormatFlags.DirectionVertical;
g.DrawString(s, f, sbrush, rectF, sf);
}
GDI+的路径——GraphicsPath类
GraphicsPath类提供了一系列属性和方法，利用它可以获取路径上的关键点，可以添加直线段、圆等几何元素。可以获得包围矩形，进行拾取测试。这些功能都怎么用，要仔细看一下。
private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//绘图表面
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
//填充成白色
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
//弄一个绘图路径¶
GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath();
//添加一些集合图形
gp.AddEllipse(20, 20, 300, 200);
gp.AddPie(50, 100, 300, 100, 45, 200);
gp.AddRectangle(new Rectangle(100, 30, 100, 80));
//在绘图表面上绘制绘图路径
g.DrawPath(Pens.Blue, gp);
//平移
g.TranslateTransform(200, 20);
//填充绘图路径¶
g.FillPath(Brushes.GreenYellow, gp);
gp.Dispose();
}
区域——Region类
从已有的矩形和路径可以创建Region。使用Graphics.FillRegion方法绘制Region。该类指示由矩形和由路径构成的图形形状的内部。无法继承此类。
渐变色填充
需要使用两个刷子：
线性梯度刷子(LinearGradientBrush)
路径梯度刷子(PathGuadientBrush)
private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//绘图表面
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.pictureBoxII1.ClientRectangle);
//定义一个线性梯度刷子
LinearGradientBrush lgbrush =
new LinearGradientBrush(
new Point(0, 10),
new Point(150, 10),
Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0),
Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0));
Pen pen = new Pen(lgbrush);
//用线性笔刷梯度效果的笔绘制一条直线段并填充一个矩形
g.DrawLine(pen, 10, 130, 500, 130);
g.FillRectangle(lgbrush, 10, 150, 370, 30);
//定义路径并添加一个椭圆
GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath();
gp.AddEllipse(10, 10, 200, 100);
//用该路径定义路径梯度刷子
PathGradientBrush brush =
new PathGradientBrush(gp);
//颜色数组
Color[] colors = {
Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0),
Color.FromArgb(100, 100, 100),
Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0),
Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 255)};
//定义颜色渐变比率
float[] r = {0.0f, 0.3f, 0.6f, 1.0f};
ColorBlend blend = new ColorBlend();
blend.Colors = colors;
blend.Positions = r;
brush.InterpolationColors = blend;
//在椭圆外填充一个矩形
g.FillRectangle(brush, 0, 0, 210, 110);
//用添加了椭圆的路径定义第二个路径梯度刷子
GraphicsPath gp2 = new GraphicsPath();
gp2.AddEllipse(300, 0, 200, 100);
PathGradientBrush brush2 = new PathGradientBrush(gp2);
//设置中心点位置和颜色
brush2.CenterPoint = new PointF(450, 50);
brush2.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0);
//设置边界颜色
Color[] color2 = {Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0)};
brush2.SurroundColors = color2;
//用第二个梯度刷填充椭圆
g.FillEllipse(brush2, 300, 0, 200, 100);
}
GDI+的坐标系统
通用坐标系——用户自定义坐标系。
页面坐标系——虚拟坐标系。
设备坐标系——屏幕坐标系。
当页面坐标系和设备坐标系的单位都是象素时，它们相同。
private void button10_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void Draw(Graphics g)
{
g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, 10, 10, 100, 100);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, 50, 50, 200, 100);
g.DrawArc(Pens.Black, 100, 10, 100, 100, 20, 160);
g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Green, 50, 200, 150, 100);
}
private void button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//左移
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.TranslateTransform(-50, 0);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button6_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//右移
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.TranslateTransform(50, 0);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button7_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//旋转
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.RotateTransform(-30);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button8_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//放大
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.ScaleTransform(1.2f, 1.2f);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button9_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//缩小
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.ScaleTransform(0.8f, 0.8f);
this.Draw(g);
}
全局坐标——变换对于绘图表面上的每个图元都会产生影响。通常用于设定通用坐标系。
一下程序将原定移动到控件中心，并且Y轴正向朝上。
//先画一个圆
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, -100, -100, 200, 200);
//使y轴正向朝上，必须做相对于x轴镜像
//变换矩阵为[1,0,0,-1,0,0]
Matrix mat = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0);
g.Transform = mat;
Rectangle rect = this.ClientRectangle;
int w = rect.Width;
int h = rect.Height;
g.TranslateTransform(w/2, -h/2);
//以原点为中心，做一个半径为100的圆
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Red, -100, -100, 200, 200);
g.TranslateTransform(100, 100);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Green, -100, -100, 200, 200);
g.ScaleTransform(2, 2);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Blue, -100, -100, 200, 200);
局部坐标系——只对某些图形进行变换，而其它图形元素不变。
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
//客户区设置为白色
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
//y轴朝上
Matrix mat = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0);
g.Transform = mat;
//移动坐标原点到窗体中心
Rectangle rect = this.ClientRectangle;
int w = rect.Width;
int h = rect.Height;
g.TranslateTransform(w/2, -h/2);
//在全局坐标下绘制椭圆
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Red, -100, -100, 200, 200);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, -108, 0, 8, 8);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, 100, 0, 8, 8);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, 0, 100, 8, 8);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, 0, -108, 8, 8);
//创建一个椭圆然后在局部坐标系中进行变换
GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath();
gp.AddEllipse(-100, -100, 200, 200);
Matrix mat2 = new Matrix();
//平移
mat2.Translate(150, 150);
//旋转
mat2.Rotate(30);
gp.Transform(mat2);
g.DrawPath(Pens.Blue, gp);
PointF[] p = gp.PathPoints;
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, p[0].X-2, p[0].Y+2, 4, 4);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, p[3].X-2, p[3].Y+2, 4, 4);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, p[6].X-4, p[6].Y-4, 4, 4);
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, p[9].X-4, p[9].Y-4, 4, 4);
gp.Dispose();
//base.OnPaint (e);
}
Alpha混合
Color.FromArgb()的A就是Alpha。Alpha的取值范围从0到255。0表示完全透明，255完全不透明。
当前色＝前景色×alpha/255+背景色×（255－alpha）/255
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
//创建一个填充矩形
SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.BlueViolet);
g.FillRectangle(brush, 180, 70, 200, 150);
//创建一个位图，其中两个位图之间有透明效果
Bitmap bm1 = new Bitmap(200, 100);
Graphics bg1 = Graphics.FromImage(bm1);
SolidBrush redBrush =
new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(210, 255, 0, 0));
SolidBrush greenBrush =
new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(210, 0, 255, 0));
bg1.FillRectangle(redBrush, 0, 0, 150, 70);
bg1.FillRectangle(greenBrush, 30, 30, 150, 70);
g.DrawImage(bm1, 100, 100);
//创建一个位图，其中两个位图之间没有透明效果
Bitmap bm2 = new Bitmap(200, 100);
Graphics bg2 = Graphics.FromImage(bm2);
bg2.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
bg2.FillRectangle(redBrush, 0, 0, 150, 170);
bg2.FillRectangle(greenBrush, 30, 30, 150, 70);
g.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.GammaCorrected;
g.DrawImage(bm2, 300, 200);
//base.OnPaint (e);
}
反走样
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
//放大8倍
g.ScaleTransform(8, 8);
//没有反走样的图形和文字
Draw(g);
//设置反走样
g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
//右移40
g.TranslateTransform(40, 0);
//再绘制就是反走样之后的了
Draw(g);
//base.OnPaint (e);
}
private void Draw(Graphics g)
{
//绘制图形和文字
g.DrawLine(Pens.Gray, 10, 10, 40, 20);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Gray, 20, 20, 30, 10);
string s = "反走样测试";
Font font = new Font("宋体", 5);
SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Gray);
g.DrawString(s, font, brush, 10, 40);
}