uva 230 Borrowers（摘）<vector>"结构体“ 膜拜！

I mean your borrowers of books--those mutilators of collections, spoilers of the symmetry of shelves, and creators of odd volumes. --Charles Lamb, Essays of Elia (1823) ‘The Two Races of Men‘

Like Mr. Lamb, librarians have their problems with borrowers too. People don‘t put books back where they should. Instead, returned books are kept at the main desk until a librarian is free to replace them in the right places on the shelves. Even for librarians, putting the right book in the right place can be very time-consuming. But since many libraries are now computerized, you can write a program to help. 
When a borrower takes out or returns a book, the computer keeps a record of the title. Periodically, the librarians will ask your program for a list of books that have been returned so the books can be returned to their correct places on the shelves. Before they are returned to the shelves, the returned books are sorted by author and then title using the ASCII collating sequence. Your program should output the list of returned books in the same order as they should appear on the shelves. For each book, your program should tell the librarian which book (including those previously shelved) is already on the shelf before which the returned book should go.

Input

First, the stock of the library will be listed, one book per line, in no particular order. Initially, they are all on the shelves. No two books have the same title. The format of each line will be:  "title" by author  The end of the stock listing will be marked by a line containing only the word:  END  Following the stock list will be a series of records of books borrowed and returned, and requests from librarians for assistance in restocking the shelves. Each record will appear on a single line, in one of the following formats:  BORROW "title" RETURN "title" SHELVE  The list will be terminated by a line containing only the word:  END

Output

Each time the SHELVE command appears, your program should output a series of instructions for the librarian, one per line, in the format:  Put "title1" after "title2"  or, for the special case of the book being the first in the collection:  Put "title" first  After the set of instructions for each SHELVE, output a line containing only the word:  END Assumptions & Limitations  A title is at most 80 characters long.  An author is at most 80 characters long.  A title will not contain the double quote (") character.

Sample Input

"The Canterbury Tales" by Chaucer, G.
"Algorithms" by Sedgewick, R.
"The C Programming Language" by Kernighan, B. and Ritchie, D.
END
BORROW "Algorithms"
BORROW "The C Programming Language"
RETURN "Algorithms"
RETURN "The C Programming Language"
SHELVE
END

Sample Output

Put "The C Programming Language" after "The Canterbury Tales"
Put "Algorithms" after "The C Programming Language"
END

真是一看到各种麻烦的字符串的输入输出就不敢做了，真的对字符串好不熟悉。这个题感觉数据的处理确实比较麻烦以下为摘来的代码

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

struct book{
    string title, author;
    bool borrowed, returned;
    book(string a,string b){
        title = a;
        author = b;
        borrowed = returned = false;
    }
};

vector<book> allbook;
string command,request,ss;

bool cmpa(book a,book b)
{
    return (a.author < b.author);
}

bool cmpt(book a,book b)
{
    return (a.title < b.title);
}

void shelve()
{
    int j;
    for(int i = 0; i < allbook.size();i++){
        if(allbook[i].returned == true){
            for(j = i; j >= 0;j--){
                if(allbook[j].borrowed == false)break;
            }
            if(j == -1)printf("Put %s first\n", allbook[i].title.c_str());                   //之前的所有书都被借走了
            else printf("Put %s after %s\n",allbook[i].title.c_str(), allbook[j].title.c_str());
            allbook[i].borrowed = allbook[i].returned = false;
        }
    }
    cout << "END\n";
}

void borrow()
{
    getline(cin, request);
    for(int i = 0;i < allbook.size(); i++){
        if(allbook[i].title == request){
            allbook[i].borrowed = true;
            return;
        }
    }
}

void back()
{
    getline(cin, request);
    for(int i = 0; i < allbook.size(); i++ ) {
        if(allbook[i].title == request){
            allbook[i].returned = true;
            return;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    while(getline(cin,ss)&&ss!="END"){
        allbook.push_back(book(ss.substr( 0, ss.find_last_of( "\"" ) + 1 ),
            ss.substr(ss.find_last_of( "\"" ) + 1 )));
    }
    stable_sort(allbook.begin(), allbook.end(), cmpt);
    stable_sort(allbook.begin(), allbook.end(), cmpa);
    while(cin >> command){
         if( command == "BORROW" )
            cin.get(), borrow();
         else if( command == "RETURN" )
            cin.get(), back();
         else if( command == "SHELVE" )
            cin.get(), shelve();
    }
    //system("pause");
    return 0;
}

把C++中的string 转化为C中的%s输出，要用c_str() ，否则输出的是一堆乱码
看完后觉得操作并不是很难，然而思路和对字符串的处理都值得膜拜！