一、ServletConfig对象
1.1、配置servlet初始化参数
在servlet的配置文件中web.xml中,可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。
例如:
<servlet> <servlet-name>ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-name> <servlet-class>gacl.servlet.study.ServletConfigDemo1</servlet-class> <!--配置ServletConfigDemo1的初始化参数 --> <init-param> <param-name>name</param-name> <param-value>gacl</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>password</param-name> <param-value>123</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>charset</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </servlet>
1.2、通过ServletConfig获取servlet初始化参数
当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而我们通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
例如:
package my.servlet.demo; //导入必需的 java 库 import java.io.*; import java.util.Enumeration; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; // 扩展 HttpServlet 类 public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
/**
* 定义ServletConfig对象来接收配置的初始化参数
*/
private ServletConfig config;
/**
* 当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,
* 会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,
* 将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以
* 得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { // 执行必需的初始化 this.config=config; } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取在web.xml中配置的初始化参数 String paramVal=this.config.getInitParameter("name");//获取指定的初始化参数 response.getWriter().print(paramVal); response.getWriter().print("<hr/>");//获取所有的初始化参数 Enumeration<String> e =config.getInitParameterNames(); while(e.hasMoreElements()) { String name =e.nextElement(); String value=config.getInitParameter(name); response.getWriter().print(name+"="+value+"<br/>"); } } public void destroy() { // 什么也不做 } }
运行结果如下:
二、ServletContext对象
WEB容器在启动时,它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContxt对象,它代表当前web应用。
ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象,因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称为context域对象。
2.1、多个servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
例子:ServletDemo1和ServletDemo2通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
package my.servlet.demo; //导入必需的 java 库 import java.io.*; import java.util.Enumeration; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; // 扩展 HttpServlet 类 public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet { private ServletConfig config; public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { // 执行必需的初始化 this.config=config; } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String data="itnnn"; ServletContext context=config.getServletContext(); context.setAttribute("data", data); } public void destroy() { // 什么也不做 } }
package my.servlet.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Servlet implementation class ServletDemo2 */ @WebServlet("/ServletDemo2") public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub ServletContext context =this.getServletContext(); String data=(String) context.getAttribute("data"); response.getWriter().print("data="+data); } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }
先运行ServletDemo1,将数据data存储到ServletContext对象中,然后运行ServletDemo2就可以从ServletContext对象中取出数据了,这样就实现了数据共享,运行结果如下图所示:
2.2、获取WEB应用的初始化参数
在web.xml文件中使用<context-param>标签配置WEB应用的初始化参数,如下所示:
package my.servlet.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; @WebServlet("/ServletDemo3") public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context=this.getServletContext(); //获取整个web站点的初始化参数 String contextInitParam =context.getInitParameter("url"); response.getWriter().print(contextInitParam ); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }
运行结果:
2.3、用ServletContext实现请求转发
ServletDemo4.java
package my.servlet.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String data="<h1><font color=‘red‘>abc</font></h1>"; response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes()); ServletContext context=this.getServletContext(); RequestDispatcher rd =context.getRequestDispatcher("/ServletDemo5"); rd.forward(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }
ServletDemo5.java
package my.servlet.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet { protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub response.getOutputStream().write("servletDemo5".getBytes()); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <servlet> <description>This is the description of my J2EEcomponent</description> <display-name>This is the display of my J2EEcomponent</display-name> <servlet-name>ServletDemo4</servlet-name> <servlet-class>my.servlet.demo.ServletDemo4</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <description>This is the description of my J2EEcomponent</description> <display-name>This is the display of my J2EEcomponent</display-name> <servlet-name>ServletDemo5</servlet-name> <servlet-class>my.servlet.demo.ServletDemo5</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ServletDemo4</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ServletDemo4</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ServletDemo5</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ServletDemo5</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
运行结果:
访问的是ServletDemo4,浏览器显示的却是ServletDemo5的内容,这就是使用ServletContext实现了请求转发。
2.4、利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件