TS的接口好像C#/Java中的接口 , 但是TS的interface是不能继承(implement)其他的interface , 但是TS的interface可以规范自己的结构Object.无论如何TS比起JS来说,在OOP上面进步了不少.
注 : 下面的代码都是TS代码
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface User{ id:number; name:string; } function greeter(user:User):string{ return `No.${user.id}, name is :${user.name}`; } let myObj : User = { id : 1 ,name : "Aonaufly" }; document.body.innerHTML = greeter(myObj);
运行结果:
这里有一个奇怪的现象:
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface User{ id:number; name:string; } function greeter(user:User):string{ return `No.${user.id}, name is :${user.name}`; } let myObj = { age : 1 ,id : 1 ,name : "Aonaufly"}; document.body.innerHTML = greeter(myObj);
以上代码 , 去掉了myObj的类型 , 并且加上了一个age : 1 依然可以得到一个正确的结果.
继续更改在greeter方法中打印出user.age , 会报错:
结果编译报错:
很有意思 , 可以给个总结 :
object 没有强制指定是interface(上文中的User)类型的话 , 只要它包含了User所有属性,它任然可以当做User使用.方法中的参数,如果被限定为interface(上文中的User),那此方法只能使用interface限定的方法.反之若参数不限制:
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface User{ id:number; name:string; } function greeter(user:any):string{ return `No.${user.id}, name is :${user.name} , age : ${ user.age }`; } let myObj = { age : 1 ,id : 1 ,name : "Aonaufly"}; document.body.innerHTML = greeter(myObj);
结果如下:
但这样显然又不符合OOP的思想了.
可选属性: (?符号 如 age?:number 那么age就是一个可选属性),顾名思义,继承者可选属性赋值
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface User{ id:number; name:string; age?:number; } function greeter(user:User):string{ return `No.${user.id}, name is :${user.name} , age : ${ user.age }`; } let myObj:User = { id : 1 ,name : "Aonaufly"}; document.body.innerHTML = greeter(myObj);
结果:
所以 , 可选属性有时候比较坑.你可能想显示age信息,结果忘了在myObj中定义,也不会报错.如下代码:
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface User{ id:number; name:string; age?:number; } function greeter(user:User):string{ return `No.${user.id}, name is :${user.name} , age : ${ user.age }`; } let myObj:User = { id : 1 ,name : "Aonaufly" , age:1}; document.body.innerHTML = greeter(myObj);
如果定义了可选属性,一定要注意.
在interface中申明函数:
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface TalkPro{ name : string; content : string; } interface SayFunc{ (talk : TalkPro):string; } let iSay : SayFunc; iSay = function(talk :TalkPro):string{ return `${talk.name}:${talk.content}`; } function greeter( func : SayFunc , talk : TalkPro ):string{ return func(talk); } let i_went_talk : TalkPro = { name:"Aonaufly" , content:"interface SayFunc is like C# at statement function" }; document.body.innerHTML = greeter(iSay,i_went_talk);
SayFunc申明了一个方法 , 得到结果:
可索引的类型
数字索引的返回值必须是字符串索引返回值类型的子类型
类继承接口(动态性多态)
/** * Created by CV-PC153 on 2017/8/7. */ interface TalkPro{ name : string; content : string; } interface SayClass{ toTalk( ):string; } interface SayCtor{ new( msg : TalkPro ) : SayClass; } class Chinese implements SayClass{ private msg : TalkPro; constructor( msg : TalkPro ){ this.msg = msg; } toTalk( ):string{ return `[Chinese] ${this.msg.name}:${this.msg.content}`; } } class USA implements SayClass{ private msg : TalkPro; constructor( msg : TalkPro ){ this.msg = msg; } toTalk( ):string{ return `[USA] ${this.msg.name}:${this.msg.content}`; } } function create_sayClass( ctor : SayCtor , msg : TalkPro ) : SayClass { return new ctor( msg ); } let chinese_ : TalkPro = { name:"Aonaufly" , content:"ni hao!" }; let usa_ : TalkPro = { name:"Polo" , content:"hello!" }; let cla_chinese : SayClass = create_sayClass( Chinese , chinese_); let cla_usa : SayClass = create_sayClass( USA , usa_); function greeter( saycl : SayClass ):string{ return saycl.toTalk(); } document.body.innerHTML = greeter(cla_usa);
结果:
时间: 2024-11-04 10:40:43