配置可恢复性
控制文件
SQL> show parameter control_files
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
1,修改路径：
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ cp spfileorcl.ora spfileorcl.ora.bak
SQL> alter system set control_files=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl‘, ‘/home/oracle/control02.ctl‘ scope=spfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control02.ctl
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter control_files
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
2,增加镜像：
SQL> alter system set control_files=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl‘, ‘/home/oracle/control02.ctl‘, ‘/home/oracle/control03.ctl‘ scope=spfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate
$ cp /home/oracle/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter control_files
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
日志文件：
增加成员和日志组：
SQL> select GROUP#, SEQUENCE#, STATUS, MEMBERS from v$log;
SQL> select GROUP#, MEMBER from v$logfile;
SQL> alter database add logfile member ‘/home/oracle/redo01b.log‘ to group 1;
SQL> alter database add logfile member ‘/home/oracle/redo02b.log‘ to group 2;
SQL> alter database add logfile member ‘/home/oracle/redo03b.log‘ to group 3;
SQL> alter database add logfile group 4 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log‘, ‘/home/oracle/redo04b.log‘) size 50M;
FRA：
SQL> show parameter db_recovery
backupset: 10GB, archived log: 5GB
10+5, 10G
数据文件：
开启归档模式：
SQL> archive log list 检查当前设置
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;打开 noarchivelog关闭
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> archive log list
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest
SQL> select group#, sequence#, status, archived from v$log;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select group#, sequence#, status, archived from v$log;
SQL> select NAME, SEQUENCE#, STATUS from v$archived_log;
$ ls /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL
RMAN配置
$ rman target / 或rman target sys/[email protected]
RMAN> show all; 查看目标数据库备份设置
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP On;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP clear;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup;
SQL> desc v$backup_set 浏览器中也可以查看
RMAN备份
不归档 归档
online offline online offline
完全 部分 完全 部分 完全 部分 完全 部分
shutdown nomount mount open
备份数据文件：
SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;
RMAN> backup datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf‘;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;表空间对应一个或多个数据文件
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;
RMAN> backup database;
RMAN> list backup;
desc v$backup_set，浏览器查看备份
增量备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t2 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
开启块跟踪：减少数据块扫描时间
SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file ‘/home/oracle/blk_trk.chg‘;
需要重新连接会话
SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;
SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;
SQL> create table t3(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t3 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;
SQL> alter database disable block change tracking; 关闭
增量更新：只备份数据变化
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第一次创建的是0级备份
RMAN> list copy; 记录time和scn
SQL> insert into t1 values (2);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第2次创建的是1级备份
RMAN> list backup; backupset格式
RMAN> recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新
脚本形式：
RMAN> run {
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users;
recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
}
备份归档日志：
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> list backup;
备份的维护：
查看：
RMAN> list backup; 备份集
RMAN> list copy; 镜像拷贝
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 查看表空间备份集
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
RMAN> list archivelog all;
检查备份：
RMAN> delete backup; 删除备份
RMAN> delete copy;
RMAN> list backup; list copy;
RMAN> report need backup; 根据策略检查
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> report need backup REDUNDANCY 5;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;
RMAN> report obsolete;超过冗余度的备份
删除备份：
RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users;
RMAN> delete backupset 1234;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> show all;
RMAN> delete obsolete;删除超过冗余度的备份
crosscheck: 交叉检查 看控制文件能跟备份文件对上么
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名
RMAN> restore datafile 4; 恢复 报错
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 报废状态
RMAN> list expired backup;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用状态
RMAN> delete expired backup;
catalog:恢复到控制文件
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 复制
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> list backup; backupset消失
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名
RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;扫描备份文件加到控制文件里
RMAN> list backup; backupset恢复