chgrp命令用来改变文件或目录所属的用户组。
(1)用法:
用法: chgrp [选项参数] [组] [文件]
或 chgrp [选项] 组文件... POSIX 选项: [-R] [--]
(2)功能:
功能: 改变文件的组所有权
(3)选项参数:
1) -c --changes 效果类似“-v”参数,但仅回报更改的部分
2) -f --quiet --silent 不显示错误信息
3) -h --no-dereference 只对符号连接的文件作修改,而不是该其他任何相关文件
4) -R --recursive 递归处理,将指令目录下的所有文件及子目录一并处理
5) -v --verbose 显示指令执行过程
6) --reference=<参考文件或目录> 把指定文件或目录的所属群组全部设成和参考文件或目录的所属群组相同
(4)实例:
1)[[email protected] sunjimeng]# chgrp -v root Document 将Document所在组改为root
[[email protected] sunjimeng]# ll 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Desktop drwxrwxr-x. 3 sunjimeng sunjimeng 100 5月 19 22:28 Document drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 5月 21 21:52 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Downloads drwxrwxr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 17 04:55 findTextDir drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Videos [[email protected] sunjimeng]# chgrp -v root Document changed group of "Document" from sunjimeng to root [[email protected] sunjimeng]# ll 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Desktop drwxrwxr-x. 3 sunjimeng root 100 5月 19 22:28 Document drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 5月 21 21:52 Documents drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Downloads drwxrwxr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 17 04:55 findTextDir drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Music drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Pictures drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Public drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Templates drwxr-xr-x. 2 sunjimeng sunjimeng 6 5月 1 01:23 Videos
2)[[email protected] Document]# chgrp -v --reference=newDir all.txt 将文件所属组设置为同某一个文件或文件夹一样
[[email protected] Document]# ll 总用量 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 85 5月 18 02:58 all.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:27 B.text3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:27 C.text6 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:28 D.text drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 51 5月 18 02:47 newDir -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42 5月 18 02:53 t1.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 5月 18 02:54 t2.txt [[email protected] Document]# chgrp -v --reference=newDir all.txt "all.txt" 的所属组已保留为root [[email protected] Document]# ll 总用量 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 85 5月 18 02:58 all.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:27 B.text3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:27 C.text6 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:28 D.text drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 51 5月 18 02:47 newDir -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42 5月 18 02:53 t1.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 5月 18 02:54 t2.txt
3)[[email protected] sunjimeng]# chgrp -vR sunjimeng Document 改变指定目录以及其子目录下的所有文件的群组属性
[[email protected] sunjimeng]# chgrp -vR sunjimeng Document changed group of "Document/newDir/mvt1.txt" from root to sunjimeng changed group of "Document/newDir/mvt2.txt" from root to sunjimeng changed group of "Document/newDir/mvt3.txt" from root to sunjimeng changed group of "Document/newDir" from root to sunjimeng changed group of "Document/t1.txt" from root to sunjimeng changed group of "Document/t2.txt" from root to sunjimeng changed group of "Document/all.txt" from root to sunjimeng "Document/B.text3" 的所属组已保留为sunjimeng "Document/C.text6" 的所属组已保留为sunjimeng "Document/D.text" 的所属组已保留为sunjimeng changed group of "Document" from root to sunjimeng [[email protected] sunjimeng]# ls -l Document 总用量 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root sunjimeng 85 5月 18 02:58 all.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:27 B.text3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:27 C.text6 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng sunjimeng 0 5月 19 22:28 D.text drwxr-xr-x. 2 root sunjimeng 51 5月 18 02:47 newDir -rw-r--r--. 1 root sunjimeng 42 5月 18 02:53 t1.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root sunjimeng 43 5月 18 02:54 t2.txt
4)[[email protected] sunjimeng]# chgrp -vR 100 Document 通过群组识别码改变文件群组属性,100为users群组的识别码,具体群组和群组识别码可以去/etc/group文件中查看
[[email protected] sunjimeng]# chgrp -vR 100 Document changed group of "Document/newDir/mvt1.txt" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/newDir/mvt2.txt" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/newDir/mvt3.txt" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/newDir" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/t1.txt" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/t2.txt" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/all.txt" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/B.text3" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/C.text6" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document/D.text" from sunjimeng to 100 changed group of "Document" from sunjimeng to 100 [[email protected] sunjimeng]# ls -l Document 总用量 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root users 85 5月 18 02:58 all.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng users 0 5月 19 22:27 B.text3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng users 0 5月 19 22:27 C.text6 -rw-rw-r--. 1 sunjimeng users 0 5月 19 22:28 D.text drwxr-xr-x. 2 root users 51 5月 18 02:47 newDir -rw-r--r--. 1 root users 42 5月 18 02:53 t1.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root users 43 5月 18 02:54 t2.txt
群组识别码:
[[email protected] sunjimeng]# cat /etc/group root:x:0: bin:x:1: daemon:x:2: sys:x:3: adm:x:4: tty:x:5: disk:x:6: lp:x:7: mem:x:8: kmem:x:9: wheel:x:10: cdrom:x:11: mail:x:12:postfix man:x:15: dialout:x:18: floppy:x:19: games:x:20: tape:x:30: video:x:39: ftp:x:50: lock:x:54: audio:x:63: nobody:x:99: users:x:100: utmp:x:22: utempter:x:35: systemd-journal:x:190: dbus:x:81: polkitd:x:999: cgred:x:998: tss:x:59: colord:x:997: usbmuxd:x:113: dip:x:40: ntp:x:38: ssh_keys:x:996: libstoragemgmt:x:995: saslauth:x:76: rpc:x:32: rtkit:x:172: chrony:x:994: radvd:x:75: rpcuser:x:29: nfsnobody:x:65534: kvm:x:36:qemu qemu:x:107: abrt:x:173: sssd:x:993: avahi-autoipd:x:170: unbound:x:992: pulse-access:x:991: pulse:x:171: gdm:x:42: gnome-initial-setup:x:990: postdrop:x:90: postfix:x:89: sshd:x:74: slocate:x:21: avahi:x:70: stapusr:x:156: stapsys:x:157: stapdev:x:158: tcpdump:x:72: sunjimeng:x:1000:
5)[[email protected] Document]$ chgrp -vf sunjimeng findDir -v是不显示错误信息,v命令显示执行的步骤
[[email protected] Documents]# ll 总用量 0 dr--r--r--. 3 root root 16 5月 21 21:52 findDir drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 51 5月 21 07:10 NoPdir drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 51 5月 21 07:09 Pdir [[email protected] Documents]# exit exit [[email protected] ~]$ cd Document [[email protected] Document]$ chgrp -v sunjimeng findDir chgrp: 无法访问"findDir": 没有那个文件或目录 无法更改"findDir" 的所属组为sunjimeng [[email protected] Document]$ chgrp -vf sunjimeng findDir 无法更改"findDir" 的所属组为sunjimeng