适应范围
采用Client Credentials方式，即应用公钥、密钥方式获取Access Token，适用于任何类型应用，但通过它所获取的Access Token只能用于访问与用户无关的Open API，并且需要开发者提前向开放平台申请，成功对接后方能使用。认证服务器不提供像用户数据这样的重要资源，仅仅是有限的只读资源或者一些开放的 API。例如使用了第三方的静态文件服务，如Google Storage或Amazon S3。这样，你的应用需要通过外部API调用并以应用本身而不是单个用户的身份来读取或修改这些资源。这样的场景就很适合使用客户端证书授权,通过此授权方式获取Access Token仅可访问平台授权类的接口。
比如获取App首页最新闻列表,由于这个数据与用户无关，所以不涉及用户登录与授权,但又不想任何人都可以调用这个WebAPI，这样场景就适用[例:比如微信公众平台授权]。
Client Credentials Grant:http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.4
+---------+ +---------------+
| | | |
| |>--(A)- Client Authentication --->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<--(B)---- Access Token ---------<| |
| | | |
+---------+ +---------------+
Figure 6: Client Credentials Flow
基本流程
A.客户端提供用户名和密码交换令牌
B.认证服务器验证通过，发放令牌，后面根据这个令牌获取资源即可
服务实现
使用WEBAPI基于Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth实现，新建一个不启用身份验证空的WEBAPI项目
安装包
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.WebHost
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb
OWIN WEBAPI
[assembly: OwinStartup(typeof(Startup))]
namespace OAuth2.App_Start
{
public partial class Startup
{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
ConfigureAuth(app);
}
}
}
public partial class Startup
{
public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
{
/*
app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions
{
TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/token"),
Provider = new ApplicationOAuthProvider(),
AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromHours(2),
AuthenticationMode = AuthenticationMode.Active,
//HTTPS is allowed only AllowInsecureHttp = false
AllowInsecureHttp = true
//ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = false
});
app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(new OAuthBearerAuthenticationOptions());
*/
app.UseOAuthBearerTokens(new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions
{
TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/token"),
Provider = new ApplicationOAuthProvider(),
//RefreshTokenProvider = new ApplicationRefreshTokenProvider(),
AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromHours(2),
AuthenticationMode = AuthenticationMode.Active,
//HTTPS is allowed only AllowInsecureHttp = false
AllowInsecureHttp = true
//ApplicationCanDisplayErrors = false
});
}
}
public class ApplicationOAuthProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
{
/*
private OAuth2ClientService _oauthClientService;
public ApplicationOAuthProvider()
{
this.OAuth2ClientService = new OAuth2ClientService();
}
*/
/// <summary>
/// 验证客户[client_id与client_secret验证]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
{
//http://localhost:48339/token
//grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=irving&client_secret=123456
string client_id;
string client_secret;
context.TryGetFormCredentials(out client_id, out client_secret);
if (client_id == "irving" && client_secret == "123456")
{
context.Validated(client_id);
}
else
{
//context.Response.StatusCode = Convert.ToInt32(HttpStatusCode.OK);
context.SetError("invalid_client", "client is not valid");
}
return base.ValidateClientAuthentication(context);
}
/// <summary>
/// 客户端授权[生成access token]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override Task GrantClientCredentials(OAuthGrantClientCredentialsContext context)
{
/*
var client = _oauthClientService.GetClient(context.ClientId);
oAuthIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, client.ClientName));
*/
var oAuthIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Options.AuthenticationType);
oAuthIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "iphone"));
var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(oAuthIdentity, new AuthenticationProperties() { AllowRefresh = true });
context.Validated(ticket);
return base.GrantClientCredentials(context);
}
/// <summary>
/// 刷新Token[刷新refresh_token]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override Task GrantRefreshToken(OAuthGrantRefreshTokenContext context)
{
//enforce client binding of refresh token
if (context.Ticket == null || context.Ticket.Identity == null || !context.Ticket.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
context.SetError("invalid_grant", "Refresh token is not valid");
}
else
{
//Additional claim is needed to separate access token updating from authentication
//requests in RefreshTokenProvider.CreateAsync() method
}
return base.GrantRefreshToken(context);
}
public override Task ValidateClientRedirectUri(OAuthValidateClientRedirectUriContext context)
{
if (context.ClientId == "irving")
{
var expectedRootUri = new Uri(context.Request.Uri, "/");
if (expectedRootUri.AbsoluteUri == context.RedirectUri)
{
context.Validated();
}
}
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
}
资源服务
/// <summary>
///客户端模式【Client Credentials Grant】
///http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/security/individual-accounts-in-web-api
/// </summary>
[RoutePrefix("api/v1/oauth2")]
public class OAuth2Controller : ApiController
{
/// <summary>
/// 获得资讯
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
[Authorize]
[Route("news")]
public async Task<IHttpActionResult> GetNewsAsync()
{
var authentication = HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().Authentication;
var ticket = authentication.AuthenticateAsync("Bearer").Result;
var claimsIdentity = User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
var data = claimsIdentity.Claims.Where(c => c.Type == "urn:oauth:scope").ToList();
var claims = ((ClaimsIdentity)Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity).Claims;
return Ok(new { IsError = true, Msg = string.Empty, Data = Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity.Name + " It‘s about news !!! token expires: " + ticket.Properties.Dictionary.ToJson() });
}
}
启用授权验证[WebApiConfig]
在ASP.NET Web API中启用Token验证，需要加上[Authorize]标记，并且配置默认启用验证不记名授权方式
// Web API configuration and services
// Configure Web API to use only bearer token authentication.
config.SuppressDefaultHostAuthentication();
config.Filters.Add(new HostAuthenticationFilter(OAuthDefaults.AuthenticationType));
客户端
获得票据
服务端[/token]获取token需要三个参数
POST https://domain.com/token HTTP/1.1
Content-type:application/json;charset=UTF-8grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=irving&client_secret=123456
{"access_token":"qghSowAcM9Ap7yIiyZ6i52VOk4NWBpgDDJZ6jf-PdAeP4roFMlGhKUV_Kg_ow0QgTXBKaPzIFBLzdc6evBUPVOaV8Op0wsrUwwKUjRluAPAQmw3MIm8MtmtC0Vfp7ZByuvvMy21NbpRBZcajQxzunJGPIqbdPMYs8e279T5UMmgpBVZJuC4N6d-mxk3DMN2-42cOxz-3k6J-7yXCVYroEh6txjZW03ws155LswIg0yw","token_type":"bearer","expires_in":7199}
请求资源
设置HTTP头 Authorization: Bearer {THE TOKEN}
GET http://localhost:48339/api/v1/oauth2/news HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer qghSowAcM9Ap7yIiyZ6i52VOk4NWBpgDDJZ6jf-PdAeP4roFMlGhKUV_Kg_ow0QgTXBKaPzIFBLzdc6evBUPVOaV8Op0wsrUwwKUjRluAPAQmw3MIm8MtmtC0Vfp7ZByuvvMy21NbpRBZcajQxzunJGPIqbdPMYs8e279T5UMmgpBVZJuC4N6d-mxk3DMN2-42cOxz-3k6J-7yXCVYroEh6txjZW03ws155LswIg0yw
grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=irving&client_secret=123456
{"IsError":true,"Msg":"","Data":"iphone It‘s about news !!! token expires: {\".refresh\":\"True\",\".issued\":\"Mon, 29 Jun 2015 02:47:12 GMT\",\".expires\":\"Mon, 29 Jun 2015 04:47:12 GMT\"}"}
客户端测试
/// <summary>
///客户端模式【Client Credentials Grant】
///http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/security/individual-accounts-in-web-api
/// </summary>
[RoutePrefix("api/v1/oauth2")]
public class OAuth2Controller : ApiController
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取token
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
[Route("token")]
public async Task<IHttpActionResult> GetTokenAsync()
{
//获得token
var dict = new SortedDictionary<string, string>();
dict.Add("client_id", "irving");
dict.Add("client_secret", "123456");
dict.Add("grant_type", "client_credentials");
var data = await (@"http://" + Request.RequestUri.Authority + @"/token").PostUrlEncodedAsync(dict).ReceiveJson<Token>();
//根据token获得咨询信息 [Authorization: Bearer {THE TOKEN}]
//var news = await (@"http://" + Request.RequestUri.Authority + @"/api/v1/oauth2/news").WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + data.access_token).GetAsync().ReceiveString();
var news = await (@"http://" + Request.RequestUri.Authority + @"/api/v1/oauth2/news").WithOAuthBearerToken(data.access_token).GetAsync().ReceiveString();
return Ok(new { IsError = true, Msg = data, Data = news });
}
}
public class Token
{
public string access_token { get; set; }
public string token_type { get; set; }
public string expires_in { get; set; }
}
Refer:
Secure a Web API with Individual Accounts and Local Login in ASP.NET Web API 2.2www.asp.net/web-api/overview/security/individual-accounts-in-web-api
Use OWIN to Self-Host ASP.NET Web API 2
http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/hosting-aspnet-web-api/use-owin-to-self-host-web-api
OWIN OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server
http://www.asp.net/aspnet/overview/owin-and-katana/owin-oauth-20-authorization-server
ASP.Net MVC: Creating an OAuth client credentials grant type token endpoint
OwinStartup not Starting … Why?
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19760545/owinstartup-not-starting-why
http://developer.baidu.com/wiki/index.php?title=docs/oauth/client