netstat命令用于显示与IP、TCP、UDP和ICMP协议相关的统计数据,一般用于检验本机各端口的网络连接情况。netstat是在内核中访问网络及相关信息的程序,它能提供TCP连接,TCP和UDP监听,进程内存管理的相关报告。
如果你的计算机有时候接收到的数据报导致出错数据或故障,你不必感到奇怪,TCP/IP可以容许这些类型的错误,并能够自动重发数据报。但如果累计的出错情况数目占到所接收的IP数据报相当大的百分比,或者它的数目正迅速增加,那么你就应该使用netstat查一查为什么会出现这些情况了。
1.命令格式:
netstat [-acCeFghilMnNoprstuvVwx][-A<网络类型>][--ip]
2.命令功能:
netstat用于显示与IP、TCP、UDP和ICMP协议相关的统计数据,一般用于检验本机各端口的网络连接情况。
3.命令参数:
-a或–all 显示所有连线中的Socket。
-A<网络类型>或–<网络类型> 列出该网络类型连线中的相关地址。
-c或–continuous 持续列出网络状态。
-C或–cache 显示路由器配置的快取信息。
-e或–extend 显示网络其他相关信息。
-F或–fib 显示FIB。
-g或–groups 显示多重广播功能群组组员名单。
-h或–help 在线帮助。
-i或–interfaces 显示网络界面信息表单。
-l或–listening 显示监控中的服务器的Socket。
-M或–masquerade 显示伪装的网络连线。
-n或–numeric 直接使用IP地址,而不通过域名服务器。
-N或–netlink或–symbolic 显示网络硬件外围设备的符号连接名称。
-o或–timers 显示计时器。
-p或–programs 显示正在使用Socket的程序识别码和程序名称。
-r或–route 显示Routing Table。
-s或–statistice 显示网络工作信息统计表。
-t或–tcp 显示TCP传输协议的连线状况。
-u或–udp 显示UDP传输协议的连线状况。
-v或–verbose 显示指令执行过程。
-V或–version 显示版本信息。
-w或–raw 显示RAW传输协议的连线状况。
-x或–unix 此参数的效果和指定”-A unix”参数相同。
–ip或–inet 此参数的效果和指定”-A inet”参数相同。
4.使用实例:
实例1:无参数使用
命令:
netstat
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 268 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 192.168.120.204:4371 10.58.119.119:domain ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd
unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
从整体上看,netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分:
一个是Active Internet connections,称为有源TCP连接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指的是接收队列和发送队列。这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积。这种情况只能在非常少的情况见到。
另一个是Active UNIX domain sockets,称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样,但是只能用于本机通信,性能可以提高一倍)。
Proto显示连接使用的协议,RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程号,Types显示套接口的类型,State显示套接口当前的状态,Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。
套接口类型:
-t :TCP
-u :UDP
-raw :RAW类型
--unix :UNIX域类型
--ax25 :AX25类型
--ipx :ipx类型
--netrom :netrom类型
状态说明:
LISTEN:侦听来自远方的TCP端口的连接请求
SYN-SENT:再发送连接请求后等待匹配的连接请求(如果有大量这样的状态包,检查是否中招了)
SYN-RECEIVED:再收到和发送一个连接请求后等待对方对连接请求的确认(如有大量此状态,估计被flood攻击了)
ESTABLISHED:代表一个打开的连接
FIN-WAIT-1:等待远程TCP连接中断请求,或先前的连接中断请求的确认
FIN-WAIT-2:从远程TCP等待连接中断请求
CLOSE-WAIT:等待从本地用户发来的连接中断请求
CLOSING:等待远程TCP对连接中断的确认
LAST-ACK:等待原来的发向远程TCP的连接中断请求的确认(不是什么好东西,此项出现,检查是否被攻击)
TIME-WAIT:等待足够的时间以确保远程TCP接收到连接中断请求的确认
CLOSED:没有任何连接状态
实例2:列出所有端口
命令:
netstat -a
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -a
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:smux *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:svn *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 284 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 localhost:syslog *:*
udp 0 0 *:snmp *:*
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 708833 /tmp/ssh-yKnDB15725/agent.15725
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7296 /var/run/audispd_events
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd
unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
显示一个所有的有效连接信息列表,包括已建立的连接(ESTABLISHED),也包括监听连接请(LISTENING)的那些连接。
实例3:显示当前UDP连接状况
命令:
netstat -nu
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nu
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53392 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56723 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56480 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:58154 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:44227 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:36954 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53984 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:57703 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53613 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例4:显示UDP端口号的使用情况
命令:
netstat -apu
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -apu
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
udp 0 0 *:57604 *:* 28094/java
udp 0 0 *:40583 *:* 21220/java
udp 0 0 *:45451 *:* 14583/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53392 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 19327/java
udp 0 0 *:52370 *:* 15841/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56723 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 15841/java
udp 0 0 *:44182 *:* 31757/java
udp 0 0 *:48155 *:* 5476/java
udp 0 0 *:59808 *:* 17333/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56480 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 28094/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:58154 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 15429/java
udp 0 0 *:36780 *:* 10091/java
udp 0 0 *:36795 *:* 24594/java
udp 0 0 *:41922 *:* 20506/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:44227 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 17333/java
udp 0 0 *:34258 *:* 8866/java
udp 0 0 *:55508 *:* 11667/java
udp 0 0 *:36055 *:* 12425/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:36954 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 16532/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53984 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 20506/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:57703 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 31757/java
udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53613 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 3199/java
udp 0 0 *:56309 *:* 15429/java
udp 0 0 *:54007 *:* 16532/java
udp 0 0 *:39544 *:* 3199/java
udp 0 0 *:43900 *:* 19327/java
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例5:显示网卡列表
命令:
netstat -i
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 151818887 0 0 0 198928403 0 0 0 BMRU
lo 16436 0 107235 0 0 0 107235 0 0 0 LRU
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例6:显示组播组的关系
命令:
netstat -g
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -g
IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships
Interface RefCnt Group
--------------- ------ ---------------------
lo 1 all-systems.mcast.net
eth0 1 all-systems.mcast.net
lo 1 ff02::1
eth0 1 ff02::1:ffff:9b0c
eth0 1 ff02::1
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例7:显示网络统计信息
命令:
netstat -s
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -s
Ip:
530999 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
530999 incoming packets delivered
8258 requests sent out
1 dropped because of missing route
Icmp:
90 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
destination unreachable: 17
echo requests: 1
echo replies: 72
106 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 8
echo request: 97
echo replies: 1
IcmpMsg:
InType0: 72
InType3: 17
InType8: 1
OutType0: 1
OutType3: 8
OutType8: 97
Tcp:
8 active connections openings
15 passive connection openings
8 failed connection attempts
3 connection resets received
1 connections established
3132 segments received
2617 segments send out
53 segments retransmited
0 bad segments received.
252 resets sent
Udp:
0 packets received
0 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
5482 packets sent
TcpExt:
1 invalid SYN cookies received
1 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
57 delayed acks sent
Quick ack mode was activated 50 times
60 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
68 packets directly received from backlog
4399 packets directly received from prequeue
520 packets header predicted
51 packets header predicted and directly queued to user
1194 acknowledgments not containing data received
21 predicted acknowledgments
0 TCP data loss events
1 timeouts after reno fast retransmit
9 retransmits in slow start
42 other TCP timeouts
3 connections aborted due to timeout
IpExt:
InBcastPkts: 527777
说明:
按照各个协议分别显示其统计数据。如果我们的应用程序(如Web浏览器)运行速度比较慢,或者不能显示Web页之类的数据,那么我们就可以用本选项来查看一下所显示的信息。我们需要仔细查看统计数据的各行,找到出错的关键字,进而确定问题所在。
实例8:显示监听的套接口
命令:
netstat -l
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:smux *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:svn *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 localhost:syslog *:*
udp 0 0 *:snmp *:*
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 708833 /tmp/ssh-yKnDB15725/agent.15725
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7296 /var/run/audispd_events
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例9:显示所有已建立的有效连接
命令:
netstat -n
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -n
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 268 192.168.120.204:22 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd
unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例10:显示关于以太网的统计数据
命令:
netstat -e
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -e
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode
tcp 0 248 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED root 708795
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd
unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
用于显示关于以太网的统计数据。它列出的项目包括传送的数据报的总字节数、错误数、删除数、数据报的数量和广播的数量。这些统计数据既有发送的数据报数量,也有接收的数据报数量。这个选项可以用来统计一些基本的网络流量)
实例11:显示关于路由表的信息
命令:
netstat -r
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例12:列出所有 tcp 端口
命令:
netstat -at
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:smux *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:svn *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 284 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例13:统计机器中网络连接各个状态个数
命令:
netstat -a | awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}‘
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -a | awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}‘
ESTABLISHED 1
LISTEN 3
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例14:把状态全都取出来后使用uniq -c统计后再进行排序
命令:
netstat -nat |awk ‘{print $6}‘|sort|uniq -c
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nat |awk ‘{print $6}‘|sort|uniq -c
14 CLOSE_WAIT
1 established)
578 ESTABLISHED
1 Foreign
43 LISTEN
5 TIME_WAIT
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nat |awk ‘{print $6}‘|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
576 ESTABLISHED
43 LISTEN
14 CLOSE_WAIT
5 TIME_WAIT
1 Foreign
1 established)
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例15:查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址
命令:
netstat -nat | grep "192.168.120.20:16067" |awk ‘{print $5}‘|awk -F: ‘{print $4}‘|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nat | grep "192.168.120.20:16067" |awk ‘{print $5}‘|awk -F: ‘{print $4}‘|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20
8 10.2.1.68
7 192.168.119.13
6 192.168.119.201
6 192.168.119.20
6 192.168.119.10
4 10.2.1.199
3 10.2.1.207
2 192.168.120.20
2 192.168.120.15
2 192.168.119.197
2 192.168.119.11
2 10.2.1.206
2 10.2.1.203
2 10.2.1.189
2 10.2.1.173
1 192.168.120.18
1 192.168.119.19
1 10.2.2.227
1 10.2.2.138
1 10.2.1.208
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例16:找出程序运行的端口
命令:
netstat -ap | grep ssh
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -ap | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 2570/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.206:ssh ::ffff:10.2.1.205:54508 ESTABLISHED 13883/14
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.206:ssh ::ffff:10.2.0.68:62886 ESTABLISHED 20900/6
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.206:ssh ::ffff:10.2.2.131:52730 ESTABLISHED 20285/sshd: [email protected]
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 194494461 20900/6 /tmp/ssh-cXIJj20900/agent.20900
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 194307443 20285/sshd: [email protected]
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 194307441 20285/sshd: [email protected]
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
实例17:在 netstat 输出中显示 PID 和进程名称
命令:
netstat -pt
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 248 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED 15725/0
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
netstat -p 可以与其它开关一起使用,就可以添加 “PID/进程名称” 到 netstat 输出中,这样 debugging 的时候可以很方便的发现特定端口运行的程序。
实例18:找出运行在指定端口的进程
命令:
netstat -anpt | grep ‘:16064‘
输出:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -anpt | grep ‘:16064‘
tcp 0 0 :::16064 :::* LISTEN 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.201:6462 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.20:26341 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.20:32208 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.20:32207 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:51303 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:51302 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50020 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50019 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:56155 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50681 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50680 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:52136 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:56989 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:56988 ESTABLISHED 24594/java
[[email protected] ~]#
说明:
运行在端口16064的进程id为24596,再通过ps命令就可以找到具体的应用程序了。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shujuxiong/p/8981805.html