主要内容：
==========================================
一、fdisk命令中参数介绍
二、将/dev/sdd整个磁盘划成一个文件分区
三、删除整个分区
四、创建两个分区，分区一200M，分区二800M
五、创建主分区、扩展分区、逻辑分区
六、使用单个分区的方式进行格式化分区
七、挂载分区
八、配置开启自动挂载分区
九、挂载光驱
==========================================
一、fdisk命令中参数介绍：
Command (m forhelp):
m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
二、将/dev/sdd 整个磁盘划成一个文件分区
[[email protected] ~]#
fdisk/dev/sdd
Command(m
for help): p ###查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sdd:
1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads,
63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders
of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector
size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O
size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk
identifier:0x0814ae42
Device
Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
###创建主分区
Partition
number (1-4): 1 ###分区号为1
First
cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默认为1
Using default value1
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): ###柱面默认为最大130 （即使用全部剩余空间）
Using default
value130
Command(m
for help): w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
The partition
tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl()
tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
三、删除整个分区
Command(m
for
help):p ###查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sdd:
1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads,
63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders
of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector
size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O
size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk
identifier:0x0814ae42
Device
Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1
1
130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Command(m
for help): d ###删除分区
Selectedpartition1 ###只有一个分区时，默认删除
Command(m
for help): w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
The partition
tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl()
tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
四、创建两个分区，分区一200M，分区二800M
[[email protected] ~]#
fdisk/dev/sdd
WARNING:DOS-compatible
mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') andchange display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p ###创建主分区
Partition
number (1-4): 1 ###分区号为1
First
cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默认为1
Using default value1
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default
130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p ###创建主分区
Partition
number (1-4): 2 ###分区号为2
First
cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默认为27
Using default
value27
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default130): ###柱面默认为最大130（即使用全部剩余空间）
Using default
value130
Command (m forhelp):
p
Disk /dev/sdd:
1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads,
63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders
of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector
size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O
size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk
identifier:0x0814ae42
Device
Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1
1
26 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2
27
130 835380 83 Linux
Command(m
for help): w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
The partition
tablehas been altered!
Calling ioctl()
tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
五、创建主分区、扩展分区、逻辑分区
[[email protected] ~]#
fdisk/dev/sdd
WARNING:DOS-compatible
mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') andchange display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
###创建主分区
Partition
number (1-4): 1 ###分区号为1
First
cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默认为1
Using default value1
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e ###创建扩展分区
Partition
number (1-4): 2 ###分区号为2
First
cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默认为27
Using default
value27
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default130):
###柱面默认为最大130 （即使用全部剩余空间）扩展分区必须是剩余全部空间
Using default
value130
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l ###创建逻辑分区
First
cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默认为27
Using default
value27
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l ###创建逻辑分区
First
cylinder (53-130, default 53): ###柱面默认为53
Using default
value53
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (53-130, default 130):+200M ###该分区分配200M空间
Command(m
for help): n ###创建分区
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l ###创建逻辑分区
First
cylinder (79-130, default 79): ###柱面默认为79
Using default
value79
Last
cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (79-130, default130): ###柱面默认为最大130（即使用全部剩余空间）
Using default
value130
Command (m forhelp):
p
Disk /dev/sdd:
1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads,
63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders
of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector
size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O
size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk
identifier:0x0814ae42
Device
Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1
1
26 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd2
27
130 835380 5 Extended
/dev/sdd5
27
52 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd6
53
78 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdd7
79
130 417658+ 83 Linux
Command(m
for help):w ###按照以上分区信息写入磁盘
六、使用单个分区的方式进行格式化分区
[[email protected] ~]#
fdisk-l /dev/sdd
Disk /dev/sdd:
1073MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads,
63sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders
of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector
size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O
size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk
identifier:0x0814ae42
Device
Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1
1
130 1044193+ 83 Linux
[[email protected]~]#
partprobe /dev/sdd #将分区信息写入磁盘
[[email protected] ~]#
ls-lsa /dev/sdd*
0 brw-rw----. 1
rootdisk 8, 48 Nov 21 11:02 /dev/sdd
0 brw-rw----. 1
rootdisk 8, 49 Nov 21 11:02 /dev/sdd1
格式化分区：
（1）mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdd1 (这种方法不方便，不推荐使用)
（2）mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
[[email protected]
~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
mke2fs
1.41.12(17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block
size=4096(log=2)
Fragment
size=4096(log=2)
Stride=0
blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks
65280 inodes,
261048blocks
13052 blocks
(5.00%)reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum
filesystemblocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks
pergroup, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes pergroup
Superblock
backupsstored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Writing inodetables:
done
Creating
journal(4096 blocks): done
Writing
superblocksand filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem
willbe automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days,
whichevercomes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i tooverride.
七、挂载分区
[[email protected] ~]#
mkdir/alexpeng
[[email protected] ~]#
mount/dev/sdd1 /alexpeng
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem
Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3
45G 4.4G 39G 11% /
tmpfs
1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1
485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/sdb2
79G 184M 75G 1% /oracle
/dev/sdb1
20G 172M 19G 1% /soft
/dev/sdd1
1004M 18M 936M 2% /alexpeng
[[email protected] ~]#
cd/alexpeng/
[[email protected]]#
mkdir test
[[email protected]]#
ls
lost+found
test
[[email protected]]#
cd test
[[email protected]
test]#touch 1
[[email protected] test]# ls
1
[[email protected] test]#
cd/
[[email protected] /]#umount
/alexpeng/
八、配置开启自动挂载分区
[[email protected] /]#
vi/etc/fstab
UUID=3e8b0960-23d2-48f3-8661-3f24ce85e9e6/
ext4 defaults 1 1
tmpfs
/dev/shm
tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts
/dev/pts
devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs
/sys
sysfs defaults 0 0
proc
/proc
proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdd1
/alexpeng
ext4 defaults 0 0
测试配置是否正确
[[email protected] /]#umount
/alexpeng/
[[email protected] /]#
mount/alexpeng/
如果不正确出现以下信息：
[[email protected] /]#
mount/alexpeng/
mount: can't
find/alexpeng/ in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
注：（1）tmpfs类型：临时文件，默认为内存的一半，调优时根据实际进行调整。
（2）UUID 是mkfs执行时生成的ID
[[email protected]
/]# lsblk -f ##fstab中的UUID来自以下文件
NAME
FSTYPE LABEL
UUID
MOUNTPOINT
sr0
sda
|-sda1
ext4
303c8d3c-ec73-418b-8ad4-6fbf541b65b0/boot
|-sda2
swap
e64234e4-fe04-4d35-ada4-d8be48ceef4f[SWAP]
`-sda3
ext4
3e8b0960-23d2-48f3-8661-3f24ce85e9e6 /
sdb
|-sdb1
ext4
b630b5c1-fa7f-435e-93ef-374730511674/soft
`-sdb2
ext4
94296492-f293-4409-9dbe-8de35f62d16e/oracle
`-sdd1
ext4
b346b7a3-9a8c-4d83-88d1-1853af298fe2
九、挂载光驱
[[email protected]
/]# touch 1.iso ###创建iso格式的文件
[[email protected]
/]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /1.iso /mnt #挂载ISO格式，光驱为回环设备 。此处为文件系统类型错误。
mount: wrong fstype,
bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0,
missing codepage or helper program, orother error
In some cases useful info is found insyslog - try
dmesg | tail or so
[[email protected] /]#
[[email protected] /]#
mount-t iso9660 /1.iso /mnt
mount: /1.iso is
nota block device (maybe try `-o loop'?)
[[email protected]/]#
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt ###挂载光驱
mount: block
device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[[email protected]/]#
cd /mnt ###检查是否挂载成功
[[email protected] mnt]# ls
EFI
EULA_pt RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html
images
......
[[email protected]
/]# umount /dev/cdrom ###卸载光驱。 umount /mnt 也可以卸载光驱
[[email protected] /]#
[[email protected]/]#
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt ###挂载光驱
mount: block
device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[[email protected] /]#
[[email protected]/]#
eject /dev/cdrom ###弹出光驱
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/peenboo/2090372