配置防盗链
防盗链,就是不让别人盗用你网站上的资源,这个资源,通常指的是图片、视频、歌曲、文档等。
referer的概念
你通过A网站的一个页面http://a.com/a.html 里面的链接去访问B网站的一个页面http://b.com/b.html ,那么这个B网站页面的referer就是http://a.com/a.html。 也就是说,一个referer其实就是一个网址。
1.配置防盗链
[[email protected] 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
参考配置文件内容如下:
<Directory /data/wwwroot/111.com>
SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "http://111.com" local_ref
SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "http://111.com" local_ref
SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" local_ref
<filesmatch "\.(txt|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|gif|png)">
Order Allow,Deny
Allow from env=local_ref
</filesmatch>
</Directory>
解释说明:
首先定义允许访问链接的referer,其中^$为空referer,当直接在浏览器里输入图片地址去访问它时,它的referer就为空。然后又使用filesmatch来定义需要保护的文件类型,访问txt、doc、mp3、zip、rar、jpg、gif、png格式的文件,当访问这样的类型文件时就会被限制。
修改后示例如下图:
2.测试网页访问
浏览器访问:http://111.com/qq.png
在其它网站上链接这个网址,还是打不开。
然后在虚拟主机配置文件里把第三方站点加入到白名单
[[email protected] 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
在下面图片上把第三方站点网址加入到白名单,然后保存退出重新加载配置。
在点击链接http://111.com/qq.png 访问就可以了,这就是referer,如下图
3.使用curl测试
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/qq.png -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 13:41:38 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Last-Modified: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:18:31 GMT
ETag: "91ab-560d3ab3fbbc0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 37291
Cache-Control: max-age=86400
Expires: Fri, 22 Dec 2017 13:41:38 GMT
Content-Type: image/png
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -e "http://wwww.qq.com/123.txt" -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/qq.png -I //使用-e来定义referer,这个referer一定要以http://开头,否则不管用。
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 13:42:17 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -e "http://111.com/123.txt" -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com/qq.png -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 13:42:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Last-Modified: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 06:18:31 GMT
ETag: "91ab-560d3ab3fbbc0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 37291
Cache-Control: max-age=86400
Expires: Fri, 22 Dec 2017 13:42:34 GMT
Content-Type: image/png
访问控制Directory
对于一些比较重要的网站内容,除了可以使用用户认证限制访问之外,还可以通过其他一些方法做到限制,比如可以限制IP,也可以限制user_agent,限制IP指的是限制访问网站的来源IP,而限制user_agent,通常用来限制恶意或者不正常的请求。
1.修改虚拟主机配置:
[[email protected] 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
核心配置文件内容如下:
<Directory /data/wwwroot/www.123.com/admin/>
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1
</Directory>
配置示例图:
解释说明:
使用<Directory>来指定要限制访问的目录,order定义控制顺序,哪个在前面就先匹配哪个规则,在本例中deny在前面,所以要先匹配Deny from all,这样所有的来源IP都会被限制,然后匹配Allow from 127.0.0.1,这样又允许了127.0.0.1这个IP。最终的效果是,只允许来源IP为127.0.0.1的访问。
验证如下:
[[email protected] 111.com]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/111.com/admin/ //创建admin目录,模拟网站后台
[[email protected] 111.com]# ls
123.php admin index.php qq.png
[[email protected] 111.com]# touch /data/wwwroot/111.com/admin/index.php //在后台目录下面创建文件
[[email protected] 111.com]# ls admin/
index.php
[[email protected] 111.com]# vim admin/index.php //并写入内容
[[email protected] 111.com]# cat admin/index.php
123456789
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.01:80 111.com/admin/index.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 02:34:14 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.1.6
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Expires: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 02:34:14 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.01:80 111.com/admin/index.php
123456789
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful //加载配置
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x172.16.111.100:80 111.com/admin/index.php
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>403 Forbidden</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Forbidden</h1>
<p>You don't have permission to access /admin/index.php
on this server.<br />
</p>
</body></html>
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.01:80 111.com/admin/index.php
123456789
[[email protected] 111.com]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_20171225.log //查看日志
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:10:34:14 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://111.com/admin/index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:10:34:30 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/admin/index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 10 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
172.16.111.100 - - [25/Dec/2017:10:36:54 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/admin/index.php HTTP/1.1" 403 224 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:10:37:33 +0800] "GET HTTP://111.com/admin/index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 10 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 http://111.com/admin/adfafdafdas -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 02:54:48 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
[[email protected] 111.com]# curl -x172.16.111.100:80 http://111.com/admin/adfafdafdas -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 02:54:59 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
解释说明:
本机有两个IP,一个是172.16.111.100,一个是127.0.0.1,通过这两个IP都可以访问到站点.而来源分别为172.16.111.110和127.0.0.1,其实和本机IP是一样的,curl测试状态码为403则被限制访问了。
使用windowo浏览器访问示例图
[[email protected] 111.com]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/111.com-access_20171225.log //windows浏览器访问日志
172.16.111.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:11:00:37 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 403 214 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:11:00:39 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 403 214 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:11:00:39 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 403 214 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
172.16.111.1 - - [25/Dec/2017:11:00:40 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 403 214 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
解释说明:
浏览器访问提示Forbidden,其实就是403,再来看日志,可以查看到对应的来源IP为172.16.111.1,希望不要把来源IP和本机IP搞混了,前面实验中之所以本机IP和来源IP一样,就是因为它相当于自己访问自己,而后面用浏览器访问,相当于拿windows
访问控制FilesMatch
针对某个文件来做限制。
[[email protected] 111.com]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
核心配置文件内容
<Directory /data/wwwroot/www.123.com>
<FilesMatch "admin.php(.*)">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1
</FilesMatch>
</Directory>
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t //检测语法
Syntax OK
[[email protected] 111.com]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful //加载配置
配置示例图:
实验结果如下:
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/ccj168/2083989