第一个知识点：对于Python,一切事物都是对象，对象基于类创建
例如:"huyakun","你好",8,[‘北京‘,‘上海‘,‘深圳‘,‘广州‘]这些值都是对象，并且是不同类的生成的对象。
如何查看类的功能以及方法：
其他类的查看方式亦是如此。
一、整数型
如：8、88、99、100
每一个整数都具备如下功能：
class int(object):
"""
int(x=0) -> int or long
int(x, base=10) -> int or long
Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by ‘+‘ or ‘-‘ and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int(‘0b100‘, base=0)
4
"""
def bit_length(self):
""" 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
"""
int.bit_length() -> int
Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
>>> bin(37)
‘0b100101‘
>>> (37).bit_length()
6
"""
return 0
def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
pass
def __abs__(self):
""" 返回绝对值 """
""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
pass
def __add__(self, y):
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass
def __cmp__(self, y):
""" 比较两个数大小 """
""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
pass
def __coerce__(self, y):
""" 强制生成一个元组 """
""" x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
pass
def __divmod__(self, y):
""" 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """
""" x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
pass
def __div__(self, y):
""" x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
pass
def __float__(self):
""" 转换为浮点类型 """
""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
pass
def __floordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
pass
def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass
def __getattribute__(self, name):
""" x.__getattribute__(‘name‘) <==> x.name """
pass
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """
pass
def __hash__(self):
"""如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass
def __hex__(self):
""" 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """
""" x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
pass
def __index__(self):
""" 用于切片，数字无意义 """
""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
pass
def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
""" 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """
"""
int(x=0) -> int or long
int(x, base=10) -> int or long
Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by ‘+‘ or ‘-‘ and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int(‘0b100‘, base=0)
4
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass
def __int__(self):
""" 转换为整数 """
""" x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
pass
def __invert__(self):
""" x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
pass
def __long__(self):
""" 转换为长整数 """
""" x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
pass
def __lshift__(self, y):
""" x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
pass
def __mod__(self, y):
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass
def __mul__(self, y):
""" x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
pass
def __neg__(self):
""" x.__neg__() <==> -x """
pass
@staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more):
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass
def __nonzero__(self):
""" x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
pass
def __oct__(self):
""" 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """
""" x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
pass
def __or__(self, y):
""" x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
pass
def __pos__(self):
""" x.__pos__() <==> +x """
pass
def __pow__(self, y, z=None):
""" 幂，次方 """
""" x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass
def __radd__(self, y):
""" x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
pass
def __rand__(self, y):
""" x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
pass
def __rdivmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
pass
def __rdiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass
def __repr__(self):
"""转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass
def __str__(self):
"""转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
pass
def __rfloordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
pass
def __rlshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
pass
def __rmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass
def __rmul__(self, y):
""" x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
pass
def __ror__(self, y):
""" x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
pass
def __rpow__(self, x, z=None):
""" y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass
def __rrshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
pass
def __rshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
pass
def __rsub__(self, y):
""" x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
pass
def __rtruediv__(self, y):
""" x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass
def __rxor__(self, y):
""" x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
pass
def __sub__(self, y):
""" x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
pass
def __truediv__(self, y):
""" x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
pass
def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """
pass
def __xor__(self, y):
""" x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
pass
denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分母 = 1 """
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""
imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 虚数，无意义 """
"""the imaginary part of a complex number"""
numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分子 = 数字大小 """
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""
real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 实属，无意义 """
"""the real part of a complex number"""
int
随堂练习：
#bit_length() 表示该数字的时占用的最少位 >>> age = 30 >>> age.bit_length() 5 >>> #__abs__()取绝对值的两种方式 >>> age = -30 >>> age.__abs__() 30 >>> >>> abs(-30)#直接赋值去绝对值 30 >>> #__add__（）加法不是内置的，有两种方法 >>> age.__add__(100) 70 >>> >>> 1+1 2 >>> # __divmod_ 页面分页时常用 all_item = 95 pager = 10 result = all_item.__divmod__(10) print (result) >>>（9,5）返回一个元组 #__eq__ 判断两个值是否相等 age = 26 result = age.__eq__(28) print(result) >>>False（返回一个布尔值） #_float_() 转换浮点型 age=26 print(type(age)) result = age.__float__() print(type(result)) >>><class ‘int‘> #第一打印查询类型是int >>><class ‘float‘>#第二次打印查询类型是float
二、字符串
type（）查看类型 dir（）查看类的成员
例如：name = "huyakun" >>> print (type(name)) >>>> <class ‘str‘>
>>>print(dir(name)) >>>>
name = str(‘huyakun‘) #str类的__init__
1 class str(object):
2 """
3 str(object=‘‘) -> str
4 str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
5
6 Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
7 errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
8 that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
9 Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
10 or repr(object).
11 encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
12 errors defaults to ‘strict‘.
13 """
14 def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
15 """
16 S.capitalize() -> str
17
18 Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
19 have upper case and the rest lower case.
20 """
21 return ""
22
23 def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
24 """ 首字母变大写 """
25 """
26 S.casefold() -> str
27
28 Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons.
29 """
30 return ""
31
32 def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
33 """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """
34 """
35 S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str
36
37 Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
38 done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
39 """
40 return ""
41
42 def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
43 """ 子序列个数 """
44 """
45 S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
46
47 Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
48 string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
49 interpreted as in slice notation.
50 """
51 return 0
52
53 def encode(self, encoding=‘utf-8‘, errors=‘strict‘): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
54 """ 编码，针对unicode """
55 """
56 S.encode(encoding=‘utf-8‘, errors=‘strict‘) -> bytes
57
58 Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
59 is ‘utf-8‘. errors may be given to set a different error
60 handling scheme. Default is ‘strict‘ meaning that encoding errors raise
61 a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore‘, ‘replace‘ and
62 ‘xmlcharrefreplace‘ as well as any other name registered with
63 codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
64 """
65 return b""
66
67 def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
68 """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """
69 """
70 S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
71
72 Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
73 With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
74 With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
75 suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
76 """
77 return False
78
79 def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
80 """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """
81 """
82 S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str
83
84 Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
85 If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
86 """
87 return ""
88
89 def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
90 """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """
91 """
92 S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
93
94 Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
95 such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
96 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
97
98 Return -1 on failure.
99 """
100 return 0
101
102 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
103 """ 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """
104 """
105 S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str
106
107 Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
108 The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{‘ and ‘}‘).
109 """
110 pass
111
112 def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
113 """
114 S.format_map(mapping) -> str
115
116 Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
117 The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{‘ and ‘}‘).
118 """
119 return ""
120
121 def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
122 """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """
123 """
124 S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
125
126 Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
127 """
128 return 0
129
130 def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
131 """ 是否是字母和数字 """
132 """
133 S.isalnum() -> bool
134
135 Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
136 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
137 """
138 return False
139
140 def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
141 """ 是否是字母 """
142 """
143 S.isalpha() -> bool
144
145 Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
146 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
147 """
148 return False
149
150 def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
151 """
152 S.isdecimal() -> bool
153
154 Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
155 False otherwise.
156 """
157 return False
158
159 def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
160 """ 是否是数字 """
161 """
162 S.isdigit() -> bool
163
164 Return True if all characters in S are digits
165 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
166 """
167 return False
168
169 def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
170 """
171 S.isidentifier() -> bool
172
173 Return True if S is a valid identifier according
174 to the language definition.
175
176 Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
177 such as "def" and "class".
178 """
179 return False
180
181 def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
182 """ 是否小写 """
183 """
184 S.islower() -> bool
185
186 Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
187 at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
188 """
189 return False
190
191 def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
192 """
193 S.isnumeric() -> bool
194
195 Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
196 False otherwise.
197 """
198 return False
199
200 def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
201 """
202 S.isprintable() -> bool
203
204 Return True if all characters in S are considered
205 printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise.
206 """
207 return False
208
209 def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
210 """
211 S.isspace() -> bool
212
213 Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
214 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
215 """
216 return False
217
218 def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
219 """
220 S.istitle() -> bool
221
222 Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
223 character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
224 follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
225 Return False otherwise.
226 """
227 return False
228
229 def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
230 """
231 S.isupper() -> bool
232
233 Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
234 at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
235 """
236 return False
237
238 def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
239 """ 连接 """
240 """
241 S.join(iterable) -> str
242
243 Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
244 iterable. The separator between elements is S.
245 """
246 return ""
247
248 def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
249 """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """
250 """
251 S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
252
253 Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
254 done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
255 """
256 return ""
257
258 def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
259 """ 变小写 """
260 """
261 S.lower() -> str
262
263 Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
264 """
265 return ""
266
267 def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
268 """ 移除左侧空白 """
269 """
270 S.lstrip([chars]) -> str
271
272 Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
273 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
274 """
275 return ""
276
277 def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
278 """
279 Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
280
281 If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
282 ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
283 Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
284 If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
285 in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
286 character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
287 must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
288 """
289 pass
290
291 def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
292 """ 分割，前，中，后三部分 """
293 """
294 S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
295
296 Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
297 the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
298 found, return S and two empty strings.
299 """
300 pass
301
302 def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
303 """ 替换 """
304 """
305 S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
306
307 Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
308 old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
309 given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
310 """
311 return ""
312
313 def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
314 """
315 S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
316
317 Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
318 such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
319 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
320
321 Return -1 on failure.
322 """
323 return 0
324
325 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
326 """
327 S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
328
329 Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
330 """
331 return 0
332
333 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
334 """
335 S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
336
337 Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
338 done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
339 """
340 return ""
341
342 def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
343 """
344 S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
345
346 Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
347 the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
348 separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
349 """
350 pass
351
352 def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
353 """
354 S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
355
356 Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
357 delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
358 working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
359 splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
360 is a separator.
361 """
362 return []
363
364 def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
365 """
366 S.rstrip([chars]) -> str
367
368 Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
369 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
370 """
371 return ""
372
373 def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
374 """
375 S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
376
377 Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
378 delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
379 splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
380 whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
381 removed from the result.
382 """
383 return []
384
385 def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
386 """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """
387 """
388 S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
389
390 Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
391 Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
392 is given and true.
393 """
394 return []
395
396 def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
397 """ 是否起始 """
398 """
399 S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
400
401 Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
402 With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
403 With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
404 prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
405 """
406 return False
407
408 def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
409 """ 移除两段空白 """
410 """
411 S.strip([chars]) -> str
412
413 Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
414 whitespace removed.
415 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
416 """
417 return ""
418
419 def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
420 """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """
421 """
422 S.swapcase() -> str
423
424 Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
425 and vice versa.
426 """
427 return ""
428
429 def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
430 """
431 S.title() -> str
432
433 Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
434 characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
435 """
436 return ""
437
438 def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
439 转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合
440 """
441 S.translate(table) -> str
442
443 Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
444 through the given translation table. The table must implement
445 lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
446 mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
447 this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
448 Characters mapped to None are deleted.
449 """
450 return ""
451
452 def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
453 """
454 S.upper() -> str
455
456 Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
457 """
458 return ""
459
460 def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
461 """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。"""
462 """
463 S.zfill(width) -> str
464
465 Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
466 of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
467 """
468 return ""
469
470 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
471 """ Return self+value. """
472 pass
473
474 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
475 """ Return key in self. """
476 pass
477
478 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
479 """ Return self==value. """
480 pass
481
482 def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
483 """
484 S.__format__(format_spec) -> str
485
486 Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
487 """
488 return ""
489
490 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
491 """ Return getattr(self, name). """
492 pass
493
494 def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
495 """ Return self[key]. """
496 pass
497
498 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
499 pass
500
501 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
502 """ Return self>=value. """
503 pass
504
505 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
506 """ Return self>value. """
507 pass
508
509 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
510 """ Return hash(self). """
511 pass
512
513 def __init__(self, value=‘‘, encoding=None, errors=‘strict‘): # known special case of str.__init__
514 """
515 str(object=‘‘) -> str
516 str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
517
518 Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
519 errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
520 that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
521 Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
522 or repr(object).
523 encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
524 errors defaults to ‘strict‘.
525 # (copied from class doc)
526 """
527 pass
528
529 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
530 """ Implement iter(self). """
531 pass
532
533 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
534 """ Return len(self). """
535 pass
536
537 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
538 """ Return self<=value. """
539 pass
540
541 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
542 """ Return self<value. """
543 pass
544
545 def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
546 """ Return self%value. """
547 pass
548
549 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
550 """ Return self*value.n """
551 pass
552
553 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
554 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
555 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
556 pass
557
558 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
559 """ Return self!=value. """
560 pass
561
562 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
563 """ Return repr(self). """
564 pass
565
566 def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
567 """ Return value%self. """
568 pass
569
570 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
571 """ Return self*value. """
572 pass
573
574 def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
575 """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
576 pass
577
578 def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
579 """ Return str(self). """
580 pass
581
582
583 class super(object):
584 """
585 super() -> same as super(__class__, <first argument>)
586 super(type) -> unbound super object
587 super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type)
588 super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type)
589 Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method:
590 class C(B):
591 def meth(self, arg):
592 super().meth(arg)
593 This works for class methods too:
594 class C(B):
595 @classmethod
596 def cmeth(cls, arg):
597 super().cmeth(arg)
598 """
599 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
600 """ Return getattr(self, name). """
601 pass
602
603 def __get__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
604 """ Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner. """
605 pass
606
607 def __init__(self, type1=None, type2=None): # known special case of super.__init__
608 """
609 super() -> same as super(__class__, <first argument>)
610 super(type) -> unbound super object
611 super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type)
612 super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type)
613 Typical use to call a cooperative superclass method:
614 class C(B):
615 def meth(self, arg):
616 super().meth(arg)
617 This works for class methods too:
618 class C(B):
619 @classmethod
620 def cmeth(cls, arg):
621 super().cmeth(arg)
622
623 # (copied from class doc)
624 """
625 pass
626
627 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
628 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
629 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
630 pass
631
632 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
633 """ Return repr(self). """
634 pass
635
636 __self_class__ = property(lambda self: type(object))
637 """the type of the instance invoking super(); may be None
638
639 :type: type
640 """
641
642 __self__ = property(lambda self: type(object))
643 """the instance invoking super(); may be None
644
645 :type: type
646 """
647
648 __thisclass__ = property(lambda self: type(object))
649 """the class invoking super()
650
651 :type: type
652 """
653
654
655
656 class SyntaxWarning(Warning):
657 """ Base class for warnings about dubious syntax. """
658 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
659 pass
660
661 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
662 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
663 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
664 pass
665
666
667 class SystemError(Exception):
668 """
669 Internal error in the Python interpreter.
670
671 Please report this to the Python maintainer, along with the traceback,
672 the Python version, and the hardware/OS platform and version.
673 """
674 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
675 pass
676
677 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
678 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
679 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
680 pass
681
682
683 class SystemExit(BaseException):
684 """ Request to exit from the interpreter. """
685 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
686 pass
687
688 code = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
689 """exception code"""
690
691
692
693 class TabError(IndentationError):
694 """ Improper mixture of spaces and tabs. """
695 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
696 pass
697
698
699 class TimeoutError(OSError):
700 """ Timeout expired. """
701 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
702 pass
703
704
705 class tuple(object):
706 """
707 tuple() -> empty tuple
708 tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
709
710 If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
711 """
712 def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
713 """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
714 return 0
715
716 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
717 """
718 T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
719 Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
720 """
721 return 0
722
723 def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
724 """ Return self+value. """
725 pass
726
727 def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
728 """ Return key in self. """
729 pass
730
731 def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
732 """ Return self==value. """
733 pass
734
735 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
736 """ Return getattr(self, name). """
737 pass
738
739 def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
740 """ Return self[key]. """
741 pass
742
743 def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
744 pass
745
746 def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
747 """ Return self>=value. """
748 pass
749
750 def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
751 """ Return self>value. """
752 pass
753
754 def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
755 """ Return hash(self). """
756 pass
757
758 def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
759 """
760 tuple() -> empty tuple
761 tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
762
763 If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
764 # (copied from class doc)
765 """
766 pass
767
768 def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
769 """ Implement iter(self). """
770 pass
771
772 def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
773 """ Return len(self). """
774 pass
775
776 def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
777 """ Return self<=value. """
778 pass
779
780 def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
781 """ Return self<value. """
782 pass
783
784 def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
785 """ Return self*value.n """
786 pass
787
788 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
789 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
790 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
791 pass
792
793 def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
794 """ Return self!=value. """
795 pass
796
797 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
798 """ Return repr(self). """
799 pass
800
801 def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
802 """ Return self*value. """
803 pass
804
805
806 class type(object):
807 """
808 type(object_or_name, bases, dict)
809 type(object) -> the object‘s type
810 type(name, bases, dict) -> a new type
811 """
812 def mro(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
813 """
814 mro() -> list
815 return a type‘s method resolution order
816 """
817 return []
818
819 def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
820 """ Call self as a function. """
821 pass
822
823 def __delattr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
824 """ Implement delattr(self, name). """
825 pass
826
827 def __dir__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
828 """
829 __dir__() -> list
830 specialized __dir__ implementation for types
831 """
832 return []
833
834 def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
835 """ Return getattr(self, name). """
836 pass
837
838 def __init__(cls, what, bases=None, dict=None): # known special case of type.__init__
839 """
840 type(object_or_name, bases, dict)
841 type(object) -> the object‘s type
842 type(name, bases, dict) -> a new type
843 # (copied from class doc)
844 """
845 pass
846
847 def __instancecheck__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
848 """
849 __instancecheck__() -> bool
850 check if an object is an instance
851 """
852 return False
853
854 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
855 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
856 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
857 pass
858
859 def __prepare__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
860 """
861 __prepare__() -> dict
862 used to create the namespace for the class statement
863 """
864 return {}
865
866 def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
867 """ Return repr(self). """
868 pass
869
870 def __setattr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
871 """ Implement setattr(self, name, value). """
872 pass
873
874 def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
875 """
876 __sizeof__() -> int
877 return memory consumption of the type object
878 """
879 return 0
880
881 def __subclasscheck__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
882 """
883 __subclasscheck__() -> bool
884 check if a class is a subclass
885 """
886 return False
887
888 def __subclasses__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
889 """ __subclasses__() -> list of immediate subclasses """
890 return []
891
892 __abstractmethods__ = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
893
894
895 __bases__ = (
896 object,
897 )
898 __base__ = object
899 __basicsize__ = 864
900 __dictoffset__ = 264
901 __dict__ = None # (!) real value is ‘‘
902 __flags__ = -2146675712
903 __itemsize__ = 40
904 __mro__ = (
905 None, # (!) forward: type, real value is ‘‘
906 object,
907 )
908 __name__ = ‘type‘
909 __qualname__ = ‘type‘
910 __text_signature__ = None
911 __weakrefoffset__ = 368
912
913
914 class TypeError(Exception):
915 """ Inappropriate argument type. """
916 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
917 pass
918
919 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
920 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
921 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
922 pass
923
924
925 class UnboundLocalError(NameError):
926 """ Local name referenced but not bound to a value. """
927 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
928 pass
929
930 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
931 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
932 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
933 pass
934
935
936 class ValueError(Exception):
937 """ Inappropriate argument value (of correct type). """
938 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
939 pass
940
941 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
942 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
943 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
944 pass
945
946
947 class UnicodeError(ValueError):
948 """ Unicode related error. """
949 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
950 pass
951
952 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
953 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
954 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
955 pass
956
957
958 class UnicodeDecodeError(UnicodeError):
959 """ Unicode decoding error. """
960 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
961 pass
962
963 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
964 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
965 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
966 pass
967
968 def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
969 """ Return str(self). """
970 pass
971
972 encoding = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
973 """exception encoding"""
974
975 end = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
976 """exception end"""
977
978 object = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
979 """exception object"""
980
981 reason = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
982 """exception reason"""
983
984 start = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
985 """exception start"""
986
987
988
989 class UnicodeEncodeError(UnicodeError):
990 """ Unicode encoding error. """
991 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
992 pass
993
994 @staticmethod # known case of __new__
995 def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
996 """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
997 pass
998
999 def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
1000 """ Return str(self). """
1001 pass
1002
1003 encoding = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
1004 """exception encoding"""
1005
1006 end = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
1007 """exception end"""
1008
1009 object = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
1010 """exception object"""
1011
1012 reason = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
1013 """exception reason"""
1014
1015 start = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
1016 """exception start"""
str
随堂练习
#_contains__
name = "huyakun"
#result = name.__contains__(‘hu‘)
#__contains__相当于 in
result= name in (‘hu‘)
print (result)
>>> True #返回值都一样
#__getattribute_ 反射的时候用到
#center
name = ‘huyakun‘
result = name.center(20,‘*‘)#内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无
print(result)
>>>******huyakun*******
#count 子序列个数
name = ‘dfdfdsfdsfdsfjdsogdiosghdiojgiodgiodg‘
result =name.count(‘df‘#寻找这个字符在字符串中共出现几次
#result = name.count(‘f‘,1,12)#可以加索引值来删选需要的信息
print(result)
#encode 编码，针对unicod
name = ‘胡亚坤‘
result = name.encode(‘gbk‘)#转换过程是：utf-8转unicod再转gbk
print(result)
>>>b‘\xba\xfa\xd1\xc7\xc0\xa4‘
# endswith 是否以 xxx 结束 """
name = ‘huyakun‘
result = name.endswith(‘n‘)
或者result=name.endswith(‘y‘,0,3)
print(result)
>>>True
#expandtabs将tab转换成空格
name = ‘hu\tyakun‘#\t等于tabs
result = name.expandtabs()
print(result)
#find 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1
name = ‘huyakun‘
result = name.find(‘un‘)
#result = name.index(‘un‘)#寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回错误提示
print(result)
#format 字符串格式化，动态参数
name = ‘huyakun {0} as {1}‘
result = name.format(‘age‘,‘sb‘)
print(result)
name = ‘huyakun {age} as {sb}‘
result = name.format(age=‘26‘,sb ="huya")#字符串拼接
print(result)
#jion 连接
list = [‘h‘,‘u‘,‘y‘,‘a‘,‘k‘,‘u‘,‘n‘]
result = "".join(list)
#result ="-".join(list)#可以在前面加内容
print(result)
#.partition 分割，前，中，后三部分
name = ‘huyakunage26‘
result = name.partition(‘age‘)
print(result
#replace 替换
name =‘huyakun‘
result = name.replace(‘u‘,‘o‘)
#result = name.replace(‘u‘,‘o‘1)#替换值这个字符串的出现的第一个u
print(result)
#splitlines 分割换行等同于\n
name = """
aa
bb
cc """
#result = name.splitlines()
result = name.split("\n")
print(result)
三、列表
class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable‘s items
"""
def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """
pass
def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """
pass
def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """
return []
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0
def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0
def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass
def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass
def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass
def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass
def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """
pass
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value. """
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return key in self. """
pass
def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Delete self[key]. """
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass
def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass
def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement self+=value. """
pass
def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement self*=value. """
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable‘s items
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value.n """
pass
@staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass
def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass
def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Set self[key] to value. """
pass
def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
pass
__hash__ = None
list
#append li = [1,2,3] #print(li) li.append(1) print(li) #extend 列表的扩展等同于新增 li = ([1,2,3]) result = li.extend([22,88,]) print(li) #insert 在指定索引值下面插入 li = ([1,2,3]) li.insert(0,‘huyaun‘)#指定插入在索引值下或下标 print(li) #pop 去掉一个值 li = ([1,2,3]) ret = li.pop(0)#去列表里面取一个值 print(ret) #remove 指定删除 li = [1,2,3] #print(li) li.remove(3) print(li) #reverse 反转 li = [1,2,3,88,99,77,98] #print(li) li.reverse() print(li)
四、元组
class tuple(object):
"""
tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
"""
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self+value. """
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return key in self. """
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self[key]. """
pass
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return hash(self). """
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
"""
tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value.n """
pass
@staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass
tuple
tu = (1,2,3,4,) tu = list(tu)#元组转列表 print (tu) i = [1,2,3,4,] tu = tuple(i)#列表转元组 print(tu)
五、字典
class dict(object):
"""
dict() -> new empty dictionary
dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object‘s
(key, value) pairs
dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
d = {}
for k, v in iterable:
d[k] = v
dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
"""
def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """
pass
def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
pass
@staticmethod # known case
def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
pass
def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """
pass
def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s items """
pass
def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s keys """
pass
def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
"""
pass
def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
"""
pass
def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
pass
def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
"""
D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
"""
pass
def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.values() -> an object providing a view on D‘s values """
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" True if D has a key k, else False. """
pass
def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Delete self[key]. """
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass
def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass
def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
"""
dict() -> new empty dictionary
dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object‘s
(key, value) pairs
dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
d = {}
for k, v in iterable:
d[k] = v
dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return len(self). """
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass
@staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass
def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Set self[key] to value. """
pass
def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
pass
__hash__ = None
dict
随堂练习
#dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
dic = dict(k1=‘v1‘,k2=‘v2‘)
new_dic = dic.fromkeys([‘k1‘,‘k2‘,‘k3‘],‘v1‘)
print(new_dic)
#当如下字典中不含有‘k3’时会报错如何解决这种报错使用get
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
print(dic[‘k1‘])
print(dic[‘k2‘])
#print(dic[‘k3‘])
------------------
print(dic.get(‘k3‘,‘huyakun‘))#当k3不存在时也可以指定返回某一个值
#.keys，values，.items
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
print (dic.keys())#获取所有的键
print (dic.values())#获取所有的值
print (dic.items())#获取所有的键值对
for k in dic.keys():
print(k)
for v in dic.values():
print(v)
for k,v in dic.items():
print(k,v)
#pop 取走拿走
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
dic.pop(‘k1‘)
print(dic)
dic.pop(‘k1‘)
print(dic)
#popitem 不常用并且取值不确定，字典无序
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
dic.popitem()
print(dic)
#update 更新
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘}
dic.update({‘k3‘:123})
print(dic)
当更新以后还是跟以前一样说明：更新值被返回来啦
#ret =dic.updat{‘k3‘:‘123‘}
print(ret)
练习：元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {‘k1‘: 大于66 , ‘k2‘: 小于66}
1 #实现方法一：
2 all_list =[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90,]
3 dic = {}
4 l1 = []
5 l2 = []
6 for i in all_list:
7 if i> 66:
8 l1.append(i)
9 else:
10 l2.append(i)
11 dic[‘k1‘] = l1
12 dic[‘k2‘] = l2
13 print(l1)
14 print(l2)
时间： 2024-09-29 20:51:02