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linux安装mysql服务分两种安装方法：
1、源码安装，优点是安装包比较小，只有十多M，缺点是安装依赖的库多，安装编译时间长，安装步骤复杂容易出错。
2、使用官方编译好的二进制文件安装，优点是安装速度快，安装步骤简单，缺点是安装包很大，376M左右。我这里官方编译好的Linux二进制包安装mysql。
（记的第一次安装MYSQL是在学习Hadoop的时候，部署Hive，用到了，再往后就没有用过MYSQL一直用的Oracle，这一次几方面原因，再次安装Mysql，记录下来过程，最主要的是自己电脑上的内容太多，又不是连续操作，怕忘记端口、密码等等，顺便学习Python操作Mysql时用。）
一、软件下载
到mysql官网下载mysql编译好的二进制安装包，在下载页面Select Platform:选项选择linux-generic，然后把页面拉到底部，64位系统下载Linux - Generic (glibc 2.5) (x86, 64-bit)。
地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
软件包上传、解压步骤略......
二、安装环境检查（初次安装可忽略）
1.检查是否有rpm包，如果没有用rpm安装过mysql，不应该有残留，如果有，需要删掉
检查语法: rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
删除语法: rpm -e <包的名字>
如果遇到依赖，无法删除，使用 rpm -e --nodeps <包的名字> 不检查依赖，直接删除rpm包。
2.卸载系统自带的mariadb
检查语法: rpm -qa|grep Mariadb
删除语法: rpm -e <包的名字>
3.查看所有的 mysql目录 ，并删除
find / -name mysql
三、安装
1.创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
groupadd mysql //创建mysql 用户组
useradd -g mysql mysql //创建一个用户名为mysql的用户并加入mysql用户组
2.通过ssh工具，将MySQL安装包 mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 拖拽到 /software目录下并解压
解压指令tar -xvf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3.将解压后的安装包复制到/opt 目录下,并重命名mysql
cp -Rf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql
4.修改权限
cd /opt/mysql
chown –R mysql //把当前目录下的文件及目录的属性改为mysql用户
chgrp –R mysql //把当前目录下的文件所属的组件改为mysql组
5.创建data目录，作为数据库存储位置
mkdir /opt/mysql/data
6.配置my.cnf文件
此文件非常重要，初始化之前一定要把此文件放到 /etc 目录下，
此文件内容如下（路径根据自己的实际情况）：
[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf添加/修改如下：[client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect=‘SET NAMES utf8‘ basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
7.初始化mysql
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
[[email protected] opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data2018-11-23T05:37:20.419244Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] ‘Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it‘ is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.2018-11-23T05:37:20.435233Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 180272018-11-23T05:37:20.456938Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: ‘utf8‘ is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.2018-11-23T05:37:23.561315Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ti_g<4t/ZvcC2018-11-23T05:37:25.859931Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed[[email protected] opt]#
注意：把初始密码拷贝下来，备份
chown -R root . //把当前目录下的文件及目录的属性改为root 用户
chown -R mysql data
四、启动并检查
1.启动mysql,并查看是否已经启动成功
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[[email protected] opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & [1] 8875 [[email protected] opt]# 2018-11-23T03:42:59.200011Z mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘. 2018-11-23T03:42:59.240320Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql/data
中间启动失败了。错误如下：
[[email protected] opt]# 2018-11-23T03:40:45.579575Z mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘. 2018-11-23T03:40:45.616041Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql/data 2018-11-23T03:40:48.237984Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
原因为：socket的路径mysql用户没有write的权限。报错如下：
2018-11-23T03:38:19.746257Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013129] [Server] A message intended for a client cannot be sent there as no client-session is attached. Therefore, we‘re sending the information to the error-log instead: MY-000001 - Can‘t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid‘ (OS errno 13 - Permission denied) 2018-11-23T03:38:19.746285Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010092] [Server] Can‘t start server: can‘t create PID file: Permission denied
对该路径修改所属合写入权限：
[[email protected] mysql]# chown -Rf mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld [[email protected] mysql]# chmod 775 /var/run/mysqld
2.通过初始密码登录mysql,并修改密码
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password
-----这里有问题一直登录不上，后面解决。
3.设置开机自启
cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig --list mysqld
[[email protected] opt]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql [[email protected] opt]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [[email protected] opt]# chkconfig --add mysqld [[email protected] opt]# chkconfig --list mysqld mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
执行service mysqld stop关闭命令
[[email protected] opt]# service mysqld stop 2018-11-23T04:14:04.201042Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended Stopping mysqld: [ OK ] [1]+ Done /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql [[email protected] opt]#
然后在执行service mysqld start启动命令
[[email protected] opt]# service mysqld start MySQL Daemon failed to start. Starting mysqld: [FAILED]
启动失败，日志如下：
181123 12:59:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql/data /usr/libexec/mysqld: Table ‘mysql.plugin‘ doesn‘t exist 181123 12:59:03 [ERROR] Can‘t open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 181123 12:59:03 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M 181123 12:59:03 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size 0 50331648 bytes InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 5242880 bytes! 181123 12:59:03 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB‘ init function returned error. 181123 12:59:03 [ERROR] Plugin ‘InnoDB‘ registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 181123 12:59:03 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can‘t open and lock privilege tables: Table ‘mysql.host‘ doesn‘t exist 181123 12:59:03 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
一直不明白这个问题。
执行以下命令解决问题：mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/ --ldata=/opt/mysql/data/
[[email protected] bin]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/ --ldata=/opt/mysql/data/Installing MySQL system tables...OKFilling help tables...OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copysupport-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr//bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘/usr//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos04 password ‘new-password‘ Alternatively you can run:/usr//bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the testdatabases and anonymous user created by default. This isstrongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with:cd /usr/ ; /usr//bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.plcd /usr//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the /usr//scripts/mysqlbug script! [[email protected] bin]#
然后在执行service mysqld start启动命令
[[email protected] opt]# service mysqld start Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [[email protected] opt]#
查看启动进程，ps -ef | grep mysql
[[email protected] opt]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 8521 5731 0 11:40 pts/1 00:00:00 tail -f mysqld.log root 15791 1 0 13:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql mysql 15908 15791 0 13:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock root 16020 21837 0 13:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql [[email protected] opt]#
4.解决前面登录修改密码失败
以root用户登录，mysql -u root
[[email protected] opt]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.1.71 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql>
修改root密码
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘Root#2018‘) where USER=‘root‘ and host=‘root‘ or host=‘localhost‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql>
5.防火墙添加端口
我这里是关闭了防火墙的。
6.将user表的 host 改为 %,否则外网通过客户端工具会链接不上
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘Root#2018‘) where USER=‘root‘ and host=‘root‘ or host=‘localhost‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> use mysql Database changed mysql> update user set host =‘%‘where user =‘root‘ and host =‘localhost‘; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
加上过程问题处理，这次用时3个小时，时间太长了.......
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/fameg/p/10015387.html