一、业务部门需求说明：公司最近来了一批服务器，用于大数据业务部署。数据节点服务器由14块物理磁盘，其中有2块是900G的盘，12块是4T的盘。在服务器系统安装时，进入系统的BIOS界面：1）将2块900G的磁盘做成raid1用作系统盘；2）将其中的2块4T的磁盘做成raid1，分别挂载到/data1和/data2用作大数据日志存储；3）另外的10块4T的磁盘在系统安装时没做raid也没做分区，打算在系统安装后，登录到系统终端通过命令行进行直接进行10块盘的格式化，并分别挂载到/data3、/data4、/data5、/data6、/data7、/data8、/data9、/data10、/data11、/data12，用作大数据业务的数据盘，文件格式为ext4，采用uuid方式挂载，挂载属性为noatime,nobarrier。
待服务器系统安装后，登录机器，使用"fdisk -l"命令，发现除了看到4块做raid的盘，其余的10块物理磁盘看不到：
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 2001.1 GB, 2001111154688 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243287 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004a319 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 243288 1954208768 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdf: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sde: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdh: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda: 899.5 GB, 899527213056 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 109361 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026ac4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 52 409600 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 52 4229 33554432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 4229 109362 844479488 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1999.1 GB, 1999114010624 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243045 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006d390 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 243046 1952258048 83 Linux
这时候，需要用到一款管理维护硬件RAID软件-MegaCli，它可以通过它来了解当前raid卡的所有信息，包括 raid卡的型号，raid的阵列类型，raid 上各磁盘状态，等等。操作记录如下：
1）下载及安装MegaCLI工具
下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TAGHjTA19ZR8MGODaqy7Mg
提取密码：msbq
下载到/usr/loca/src目录下
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[[email protected] src]# ls
ibm_utl_sraidmr_megacli-8.00.48_linux_32-64.zip
[[email protected] src]# unzip ibm_utl_sraidmr_megacli-8.00.48_linux_32-64.zip
[[email protected] src]# cd linux/
[[email protected] linux]# ls
Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.00.48-1.i386.rpm
[[email protected] linux]# rpm -ivh Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.00.48-1.i386.rpm
说明：安装完毕之后MegaCli64所在路径为/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64，在此路径下可以运行MegaCli64工具，切换到其它路径下则不能执行，
此时为了使用方便，可以考虑将/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64追加到系统PATH变量，或者像下面这样做（建议）：
[[email protected] linux]# ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /bin/MegaCli64
[[email protected] linux]# ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /sbin/MegaCli64
2）使用MegaCli64命令进行相关操作
先查看磁盘数量。如下可以看出，一共有14块物理磁盘
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL | egrep ‘Enclosure Device ID|Slot Number‘
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 0
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 1
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 2
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 3
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 4
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 5
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 6
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 7
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 8
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 9
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 10
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 11
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 12
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 13
接着查看磁盘信息
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL
Adapter #0
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 0
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 0
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SATA
Raw Size: 3.638 TB [0x1d1c0beb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b0beb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b00000 Sectors]
Firmware state: Online, Spun Up
SAS Address(0): 0x500056b3983fbac0
Connected Port Number: 0(path0)
Inquiry Data: 4837K2DVF7DETOSHIBA MG04ACA400NY FK3D
FDE Capable: Not Capable
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F)
...........
...........
Enclosure Device ID: 32
Slot Number: 3
Enclosure position: 0
Device Id: 3
Sequence Number: 2
Media Error Count: 0
Other Error Count: 0
Predictive Failure Count: 0
Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0
PD Type: SATA
Raw Size: 3.638 TB [0x1d1c0beb0 Sectors]
Non Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b0beb0 Sectors]
Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b00000 Sectors]
Firmware state: unconfigured(good), Spun Up
SAS Address(0): 0x500056b3983fbac3
Connected Port Number: 0(path0)
Inquiry Data: 4838K1VCF7DETOSHIBA MG04ACA400NY FK3D
FDE Capable: Not Capable
FDE Enable: Disable
Secured: Unsecured
Locked: Unlocked
Needs EKM Attention: No
Foreign State: None
Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s
Media Type: Hard Disk Device
Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F)
...........
...........
如上命令结果信息中，注意查看"Firmware state"的状态：
如果该状态为Online，就说明该磁盘已被做成raid阵列，
如果该状态为unconfigured(good)，就说明该磁盘没有被做成raid阵列，但状态OK。
由上面命令可知，前2块4T的磁盘做成了raid，其余10块4T的磁盘没有做raid，另2块900G的磁盘做成了raid。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
现在的做法是：
通过MegaCli工具将那10块4T的磁盘分别做成raid0，然后格式化成ext4，并使用uuid方式挂载。
依次对第3-12块盘做成raid0阵列，其中：
-r0表示做成raid0阵列，[32:2]中的32为Enclosure Device ID，5为Slot Number。
WB Direct：磁盘Write back
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:2] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:3] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:4] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:5] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:6] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:7] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:8] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:9] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:10] WB Direct -a0
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:11] WB Direct -a0
然后再次查看磁盘情况，发现"Firmware state"的状态都为Online，即所有磁盘都在raid阵列中了。
[[email protected] linux]# MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL
然后使用"fdisk -l"就能发现所有的物理磁盘了
[[email protected] linux]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 1993.4 GB, 1993414541312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 242352 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cd8df
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 242353 1946692608 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 899.5 GB, 899527213056 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 109361 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b231b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 52 409600 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 52 4229 33554432 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4229 109362 844479488 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 2006.8 GB, 2006810624000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243980 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000010e5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 243981 1959774208 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sde: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdf: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdg: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdh: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdi: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdj: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdk: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdl: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdm: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
对这10块磁盘进行格式化，脚本如下：
[[email protected] ~]# cat disk.list
/dev/sdd
/dev/sde
/dev/sdf
/dev/sdg
/dev/sdh
/dev/sdi
/dev/sdj
/dev/sdk
/dev/sdl
/dev/sdm
[[email protected] ~]# cat mkfs.disk.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat /root/disk.list`
do
echo ‘y‘ | /sbin/mkfs.ext4 $i &
done
[[email protected] ~]# sh -x mkfs.disk.sh
接着进行挂载
[[email protected] ~]# /bin/mkdir /data{3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
查看这10块盘的uuid（下面两种方式都可以）
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
[[email protected] ~]# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
/dev/sda3: UUID="964bec23-58b4-4a6b-a96f-f2e3222fc096" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc1: UUID="9acdef9d-fbe1-4d9f-82ff-9e9920df868e" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="696f5971-4c7c-4312-a1c3-a20fc3772299" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda1: UUID="ee26ded4-8334-4a0f-84bc-cc97d103714e" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="316cb693-05fe-473d-a2ff-3c3c0e0e6c3d" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdd: UUID="f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde: UUID="0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdf: UUID="05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdg: UUID="77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdh: UUID="e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdi: UUID="628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdj: UUID="9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdk: UUID="bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdl: UUID="9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdm: UUID="a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d" TYPE="ext4"
单独找出这10块磁盘的uuid
[[email protected] ~]# blkid|tail -10|awk ‘{print $2}‘
UUID="f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352"
UUID="0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd"
UUID="05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95"
UUID="77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242"
UUID="e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2"
UUID="628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90"
UUID="9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd"
UUID="bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52"
UUID="9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017"
UUID="a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d"
[[email protected] ~]# blkid|tail -10|awk ‘{print $2}‘|sed ‘s/"//g‘
UUID=f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352
UUID=0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd
UUID=05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95
UUID=77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242
UUID=e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2
UUID=628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90
UUID=9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd
UUID=bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52
UUID=9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017
UUID=a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d
将这10块磁盘的uuid好放到/etc/fastab开启启动文件里
[[email protected] ~]# cat /root/a.txt
/data3 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data4 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data5 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data6 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data7 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data8 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data9 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data10 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data11 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
/data12 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
[[email protected] ~]# blkid|tail -10|awk ‘{print $2}‘|sed ‘s/"//g‘|paste - /root/a.txt >> /etc/fastab
UUID=f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352 /data3 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd /data4 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95 /data5 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242 /data6 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2 /data7 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90 /data8 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd /data9 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52 /data10 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017 /data11 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
UUID=a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d /data12 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0
最后将服务器重启，重启之后就能看到那10块磁盘的挂载情况
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 793G 3.1G 750G 1% /
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 380M 78M 282M 22% /boot
/dev/sdb1 1.8T 68M 1.7T 1% /data1
/dev/sdc1 1.8T 68M 1.8T 1% /data2
/dev/sdd 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data3
/dev/sde 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data4
/dev/sdf 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data5
/dev/sdg 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data6
/dev/sdh 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data7
/dev/sdi 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data8
/dev/sdj 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data9
/dev/sdk 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data10
/dev/sdl 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data11
/dev/sdm 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data12
[[email protected] ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /data1 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdc1 on /data2 type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdd on /data3 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sde on /data4 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdf on /data5 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdg on /data6 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdh on /data7 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdi on /data8 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdj on /data9 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdk on /data10 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdl on /data11 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
/dev/sdm on /data12 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/easonscx/p/9057485.html
时间： 2024-08-29 14:59:10