1、表
create table test (names varchar2(12), dates date, num int, dou double); |
2、视图
create or replace view vi_test as select * from test; |
3、同义词
create or replace synonym aa for dbusrcard001.aa; |
4、存储过程
create or replace produce dd(v_id in employee.empoy_id%type) as begin end dd; |
5、函数
create or replace function ee(v_id in employee%rowtype) return varchar(15) is var_test varchar2(15); begin return var_test; exception when others then end |
6、三种触发器的定义
create or replace trigger ff alter delete on test for each row declare begin delete from test; if sql%rowcount < 0 or sql%rowcount is null then rais_replaction_err(-20004,"错误") end if end create or replace trigger gg alter insert on test for each row declare begin if :old.names = :new.names then raise_replaction_err(-2003,"编码重复"); end if end create or replace trigger hh |
7、定义游标
declare cursor aa is select names,num from test; begin for bb in aa loop if bb.names = "ORACLE" then end if end loop; end |
8、速度优化,前一语句不后一语句的速度快几十倍
select names,dates from test,b where test.names = b.names(+) and b.names is null and b.dates > date(‘2003-01-01‘,‘yyyy-mm-dd‘) select names,dates |
9、查找重复记录
select names,num from test where rowid != (select max(rowid) from test b where b.names = test.names and b.num = test.num) |
10、查找表TEST中时间最新的前10条记录
select * from (select * from test order by dates desc) where rownum < 11 |
11、序列号的产生
create sequence row_id minvalue 1 maxvalue 9999999999999999999999 start with 1 increment by 1 insert into test values(row_id.nextval,....) |
1.连接
---内连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a;
---左连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a(+);
---右连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a(+)=b.a;
---完全连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a(+)
union
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a(+)=b.a;
---迪卡尔
select * from dali.test1, dali.test2;
判断是否为空:
在SQl Server中为ISNULL(field1,0)
在Oracle中为NVL(field1,0)
oracle 存储过程的基本语法
1.基本结构
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE 存储过程名字
(
参数1 IN NUMBER,
参数2 IN NUMBER
) IS
变量1 INTEGER :=0;
变量2 DATE;
BEGIN
END 存储过程名字
2.SELECT INTO STATEMENT
将select查询的结果存入到变量中,可以同时将多个列存储多个变量中,必须有一条
记录,否则抛出异常(如果没有记录抛出NO_DATA_FOUND)
例子:
BEGIN
SELECT col1,col2 into 变量1,变量2 FROM typestruct where xxx;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
xxxx;
END;
...
3.IF 判断
IF V_TEST=1 THEN
BEGIN
do something
END;
END IF;
4.while 循环
WHILE V_TEST=1 LOOP
BEGIN
XXXX
END;
END LOOP;
5.变量赋值 V_TEST := 123;
6.用for in 使用cursor
...
IS
CURSOR cur IS SELECT * FROM xxx;
BEGIN
FOR cur_result in cur LOOP
BEGIN
V_SUM :=cur_result.列名1+cur_result.列名2
END;
END LOOP;
END;
7.带参数的cursor
CURSOR C_USER(C_ID NUMBER) IS SELECT NAME FROM USER WHERE TYPEID=C_ID;
OPEN C_USER(变量值);
LOOP
FETCH C_USER INTO V_NAME;
EXIT FETCH C_USER%NOTFOUND;
do something
END LOOP;
CLOSE C_USER;
8.用pl/sql developer debug 连接数据库后建立一个Test WINDOW
在窗口输入调用SP的代码,F9开始debug,CTRL+N单步调试
关于oracle存储过程的若干问题备忘
1.在oracle中,数据表别名不能加as,如:
select a.appname from appinfo a;-- 正确
select a.appname from appinfo as a;-- 错误
也许,是怕和oracle中的存储过程中的关键字as冲突的问题吧
2.在存储过程中,select某一字段时,后面必须紧跟into,如果select整个记录,利用游标的话就另当别论了。
select af.keynode into kn from APPFOUNDATION af where af.appid=aid and af.foundationid=fid;-- 有into,正确编译
select af.keynode from APPFOUNDATION af where af.appid=aid and af.foundationid=fid;-- 没有into,编译报错,提示:Compilation
Error: PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement
3.在利用select...into...语法时,必须先确保数据库中有该条记录,否则会报出"no data found"异常。
可以在该语法之前,先利用select count(*) from 查看数据库中是否存在该记录,如果存在,再利用select...into...
4.在存储过程中,别名不能和字段名称相同,否则虽然编译可以通过,但在运行阶段会报错
select keynode into kn from APPFOUNDATION where appid=aid and foundationid=fid;-- 正确运行
select af.keynode into kn from APPFOUNDATION af where af.appid=appid and af.foundationid=foundationid;-- 运行阶段报错,提示
ORA-01422:exact fetch returns more than requested number of rows
5.在存储过程中,关于出现null的问题
假设有一个表A,定义如下:
create table A(
id varchar2(50) primary key not null,
vcount number(8) not null,
bid varchar2(50) not null -- 外键
);
如果在存储过程中,使用如下语句:
select sum(vcount) into fcount from A where bid=‘xxxxxx‘;
如果A表中不存在bid="xxxxxx"的记录,则fcount=null(即使fcount定义时设置了默认值,如:fcount number(8):=0依然无效,fcount还是会变成null),这样以后使用fcount时就可能有问题,所以在这里最好先判断一下:
if fcount is null then
fcount:=0;
end if;
这样就一切ok了。
6.Hibernate调用oracle存储过程
this.pnumberManager.getHibernateTemplate().execute(
new HibernateCallback() ...{
public Object doInHibernate(Session session)
throws HibernateException, SQLException ...{
CallableStatement cs = session
.connection()
.prepareCall("{call modifyapppnumber_remain(?)}");
cs.setString(1, foundationid);
cs.execute();
return null;
}
});