1.1 Spring Data JPA 与 JPA和hibernate之间的关系
JPA是一套规范,内部是有接口和抽象类组成的。hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架,而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范,所以也可以称hibernate为JPA的一种实现方式,我们使用JPA的API编程,意味着站在更高的角度上看待问题(面向接口编程)
Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装,是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案。
(1)、主要说的是CustomerDao接口继承的两个JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>和JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
(2)、主要的方法:
1、findOne() 查询id
2、save() 根据传递的对象是否存在主键id 如果没有主键id属性,保存 存在id主键属性,就根据id查询数据,更新数据
3、delect() 删除数据
4、findAll() 查询所有
主要的架构
1.2 需求说明
Spring Data JPA完成客户的基本CRUD操作
1.3 搭建Spring Data JPA的开发环境
1.3.1 引入Spring Data JPA的坐标
使用Spring Data JPA,需要整合Spring与Spring Data JPA,并且需要提供JPA的服务提供者hibernate,所以需要导入spring相关坐标,hibernate坐标,数据库驱动坐标等
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>jpa_day2</groupId> <artifactId>jpa_day2</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.9</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end --> <!-- hibernate beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.2.1.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end --> <!-- c3p0 beg --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- c3p0 end --> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- el end --> </dependencies> </project>
2.1 整合Spring Data JPA与Spring
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!--spring 和 spring data jpa的配置--> <!-- 1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理--> <bean id="entityManagerFactoty" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <!--配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包) --> <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.itcast.domain" /> <!-- jpa的实现厂家 --> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/> </property> <!--jpa的供应商适配器 --> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 --> <property name="generateDdl" value="false" /> <!--指定数据库类型 --> <property name="database" value="MYSQL" /> <!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法 --> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /> <!--是否显示sql --> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> </bean> </property> <!--jpa的方言 :高级的特性 --> <property name="jpaDialect" > <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" /> </property> </bean> <!--2.创建数据库连接池 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="user" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa" ></property> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> </bean> <!--3.整合spring dataJpa--> <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itcast.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoty" ></jpa:repositories> <!--4.配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoty"></property> </bean> <!-- 4.txAdvice--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 5.aop--> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.itcast.service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" /> </aop:config> <!--5.声明式事务 --> <!-- 6. 配置包扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast" ></context:component-scan> </beans>
3.1 使用JPA注解配置映射关系
我们使用昨天案例中的Customer实体类对象,已经配置好了映射关系
package cn.itcast.domain; import javax.persistence.*; /** * 1.实体类和表的映射关系 * @Eitity * @Table * 2.类中属性和表的映射关系 * @Id * @GeneratedValue * @Column */ @Entity @Table(name = "cst_customer") public class Customer { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "cust_id") private Long custId;//客户主键 @Column(name = "cust_name") private String custName;//客户名称 @Column(name = "cust_source") private String custSource;//客户来源 @Column(name = "cust_industry") private String custIndustry;//客户级别 @Column(name = "cust_level") private String custLevel;//客户所属行业 @Column(name = "cust_address") private String custAddress;//客户地址 @Column(name = "cust_phone") private String custPhone;//客户联系方式 public Long getCustId() { return custId; } public void setCustId(Long custId) { this.custId = custId; } public String getCustName() { return custName; } public void setCustName(String custName) { this.custName = custName; } public String getCustSource() { return custSource; } public void setCustSource(String custSource) { this.custSource = custSource; } public String getCustIndustry() { return custIndustry; } public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) { this.custIndustry = custIndustry; } public String getCustLevel() { return custLevel; } public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) { this.custLevel = custLevel; } public String getCustAddress() { return custAddress; } public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) { this.custAddress = custAddress; } public String getCustPhone() { return custPhone; } public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) { this.custPhone = custPhone; } @Override public String toString() { return "Customer{" + "custId=" + custId + ", custName=‘" + custName + ‘\‘‘ + ", custSource=‘" + custSource + ‘\‘‘ + ", custIndustry=‘" + custIndustry + ‘\‘‘ + ", custLevel=‘" + custLevel + ‘\‘‘ + ", custAddress=‘" + custAddress + ‘\‘‘ + ", custPhone=‘" + custPhone + ‘\‘‘ + ‘}‘; } }
4.1 编写符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口
Spring Data JPA是spring提供的一款对于数据访问层(Dao层)的框架,使用Spring Data JPA,只需要按照框架的规范提供dao接口,不需要实现类就可以完成数据库的增删改查、分页查询等方法的定义,极大的简化了我们的开发过程。
在Spring Data JPA中,对于定义符合规范的Dao层接口,我们只需要遵循以下几点就可以了:
1.创建一个Dao层接口,并实现JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor
2.提供相应的泛型
package cn.itcast.dao; import cn.itcast.domain.Customer; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor; /** * 符合SpringDataJPA的dao层接口规范 * JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型> * * 封装了基本CRUD操作 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型> * *封装了复杂查询(分页) */ public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> { }
5.1 完成基本CRUD操作
完成了Spring Data JPA的环境搭建,并且编写了符合Spring Data JPA 规范的Dao层接口之后,就可以使用定义好的Dao层接口进行客户的基本CRUD操作
package cn.itcast.domain; import cn.itcast.dao.CustomerDao; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import java.util.List; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class CustomerDaoTest { @Autowired private CustomerDao customerDao; /** * 根据id查询:调用findOne(id)方法 */ @Test public void testFindById() { Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2l); System.out.println(customer); } /** * save :保存或者更新 * 根据传递的对象是否存在主键id * 如果没有主键id属性,保存 * 存在id主键属性,就根据id查询数据,更新数据 */ @Test public void testSave(){ Customer customer =new Customer(); customer.setCustName("杰哥程序员"); customer.setCustLevel("vip"); customer.setCustIndustry("it教育"); customerDao.save(customer); } @Test public void testUpdate(){ Customer customer =new Customer(); customer.setCustId(4l); customer.setCustName("Java程序员"); customerDao.save(customer); } @Test public void testDelect(){ customerDao.delete(4l); } /** * 查询所有 */ @Test public void testFindAll(){ List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll(); for (Customer customer:list) { System.out.println(customer); } } }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/easyjie/p/11972079.html