MongoDB 基础命令行

本文专门介绍MongoDB的命令行操作。其实，这些操作在MongoDB官网提供的Quick Reference上都有，但是英文的，为了方便，这里将其稍微整理下，方便查阅。

登录和退出

mongo命令直接加MongoDB服务器的IP地址（比如：mongo 10.77.20.xx），就可以利用Mongo的默认端口号(27017)登陆Mongo，然后便能够进行简单的命令行操作。

至于退出，直接exit，然后回车就好了。

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$ mongo 10.77.20.xx

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.4

connecting to: 10.77.20.xx/test

> show collections

> exit

bye

从以上可以看出，登录后mongo会自动连上一个名为test的数据库。如果这个数据库不存在，那么mongo会自动建立一个名为test的数 据库。上面的例子，由于Mongo服务器上没有名为test的db，因此，mongo新建了一个空的名为test的db。其中，没有任何 collection。

database级操作

2.1 查看服务器上的数据库

> show dbs

admin   (empty)

back_up (empty)

blogtest    0.203125GB

local   44.056640625GB

test    (empty)

2.2 切换数据库

切换到blogtest数据库(从默认的test数据库)

> use blogtest

switched to db blogtest

mongo中，db代表当前使用的数据库。这样，db就从原来的test，变为现在的blogtest数据库。

2.3 查看当前数据库中的所有集合

> show collections

book

system.indexes

user

2.4 创建数据库

mongo中创建数据库采用的也是use命令，如果use后面跟的数据库名不存在，那么mongo将会新建该数据库。不过，实际上只执行use命令后，mongo是不会新建该数据库的，直到你像该数据库中插入了数据。

> use test2

switched to db test2

> show dbs

admin   (empty)

back_up (empty)

blogtest    0.203125GB

local   44.056640625GB

test    (empty)

到这里并没有看到刚才新建的test2数据库。

> db.hello.insert({"name":"testdb"})

该操作会在test2数据库中新建一个hello集合，并在其中插入一条记录。

> show dbs

admin   (empty)

back_up (empty)

blogtest    0.203125GB

local   44.056640625GB

test    (empty)

test2   0.203125GB

> show collections

hello

system.indexes

这样，便可以看到mongo的确创建了test2数据库，其中有一个hello集合。

2.5 删除数据库

> db.dropDatabase()

{ "dropped" : "test2", "ok" : 1 }

> show dbs

admin   (empty)

back_up (empty)

blogtest    0.203125GB

local   44.056640625GB

test    (empty)

2.6 查看当前数据库

> db

test2

可以看出删除test2数据库之后，当前的db还是指向它，只有当切换数据库之后，test2才会彻底消失。

collection级操作

3.1 新建collection

> db.createCollection("Hello")

{ "ok" : 1 }

> show collections

Hello

system.indexes

从上面2.4也可以看出，直接向一个不存在的collection中插入数据也能创建一个collection。

> db.hello2.insert({"name":"lfqy"})

> show collections

Hello

hello2

system.indexes

3.2 删除collection

> db.Hello.drop()

true

返回true说明删除成功，false说明没有删除成功。

> db.hello.drop()

false

不存在名为hello的collection，因此，删除失败。

3.3 重命名collection

将hello2集合重命名为HELLO

> show collections

hello2

system.indexes

> db.hello2.renameCollection("HELLO")

{ "ok" : 1 }

> show collections

HELLO

system.indexes

3.4 查看当前数据库中的所有collection

>show collections

3.5 建立索引在HELLO集合上，建立对ID字段的索引，1代表升序。

>db.HELLO.ensureIndex({ID:1})

Record级的操作

这一小节从这里开始，我们用事先存在的blogtest数据库做测试，其中有两个Collection，一个是book，另一个是user。

4.1 插入操作

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4.1.1 向user集合中插入两条记录

> db.user.insert({‘name‘:‘Gal Gadot‘,‘gender‘:‘female‘,‘age‘:28,‘salary‘:11000})

> db.user.insert({‘name‘:‘Mikie Hara‘,‘gender‘:‘female‘,‘age‘:26,‘salary‘:7000})

4.1.2 同样也可以用save完成类似的插入操作

> db.user.save({‘name‘:‘Wentworth Earl Miller‘,‘gender‘:‘male‘,‘age‘:41,‘salary‘:33000})

4.2 查找操作

4.2.1 查找集合中的所有记录

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> db.user.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13 }

4.2.2 查找集合中的符合条件的记录

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(1)单一条件

a)Exact Equal:

查询age为了23的数据

> db.user.find({"age":23})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }

b)Great Than:

查询salary大于5000的数据

> db.user.find({salary:{$gt:5000}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }

c)Fuzzy Match

查询name中包含‘a‘的数据

> db.user.find({name:/a/})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }

查询name以G打头的数据

> db.user.find({name:/^G/})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }

(2)多条件"与"

查询age小于30，salary大于6000的数据

> db.user.find({age:{$lt:30},salary:{$gt:6000}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }

(3)多条件"或"

查询age小于25，或者salary大于10000的记录

> db.user.find({$or:[{salary:{$gt:10000}},{age:{$lt:25}}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }

4.2.3 查询第一条记录

将上面的find替换为findOne()可以查找符合条件的第一条记录。

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将上面的find替换为findOne()可以查找符合条件的第一条记录。

> db.user.findOne({$or:[{salary:{$gt:10000}},{age:{$lt:25}}]})
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"),
    "name" : "lfqy",
    "gender" : "male",
    "age" : 23,
    "salary" : 15
}

4.2.4 查询记录的指定字段

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查询user集合中所有记录的name,age,salary,sex_orientation字段

> db.user.find({},{name:1,age:1,salary:1,sex_orientation:true})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }

注意：这里的1表示显示此列的意思，也可以用true表示。

4.2.5 查询指定字段的数据，并去重。

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查询gender字段的数据，并去掉重复数据

> db.user.distinct(‘gender‘)

[ "male", "female" ]

4.2.6 对查询结果集的操作

(1)Pretty Print

为了方便，mongo也提供了pretty print工具，db.collection.pretty()或者是db.collection.forEach(printjson)

> db.user.find().pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"),
    "name" : "lfqy",
    "gender" : "male",
    "age" : 23,
    "salary" : 15
}
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"),
    "name" : "Gal Gadot",
    "gender" : "female",
    "age" : 28,
    "salary" : 11000
}
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"),
    "name" : "Mikie Hara",
    "gender" : "female",
    "age" : 26,
    "salary" : 7000
}
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"),
    "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller",
    "gender" : "male",
    "age" : 41,
    "salary" : 33000
}
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"),
    "name" : "not known",
    "sex_orientation" : "male",
    "age" : 13
}

(2)指定结果集显示的条目

a)显示结果集中的前3条记录

> db.user.find().limit(3)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }

b)查询第1条以后的所有数据

> db.user.find().skip(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }

c)对结果集排序

升序

> db.user.find().sort({salary:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }

降序

> db.user.find().sort({salary:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52442736d8947fb501000001"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 15 }

4.2.7 统计查询结果中记录的条数

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(1)统计集合中的所有记录条数

> db.user.find().count()

5

(2)查询符合条件的记录数

查询salary小于4000或大于10000的记录数

> db.user.find({$or: [{salary: {$lt:4000}}, {salary: {$gt:10000}}]}).count()

4.3 删除操作

4.3.1 删除整个集合中的所有数据

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> db.test.insert({name:"asdf"})

> show collections

book

system.indexes

test

user

到这里新建了一个集合，名为test。

删除test中的所有记录。

> db.test.remove()

PRIMARY> show collections

book

system.indexes

test

user

> db.test.find()

可见test中的记录全部被删除。

注意db.collection.remove()和drop()的区别，remove()只是删除了集合中所有的记录，而集合中原有的索引等信息还在，而drop()则把集合相关信息整个删除(包括索引)。

4.3.2 删除集合中符合条件的所有记录

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> db.user.remove({name:‘lfqy‘})
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }  

> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455cc825e437dfea8fd4f8"), "name" : "2", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455d8a25e437dfea8fd4fa"), "name" : "1", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 1 }
> db.user.remove( {salary :{$lt:10}})
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }

4.3.3  删除集合中符合条件的一条记录

> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455de325e437dfea8fd4fb"), "name" : "1", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455de925e437dfea8fd4fc"), "name" : "2", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 2 }
> db.user.remove({salary :{$lt:10}},1)
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455de925e437dfea8fd4fc"), "name" : "2", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 2 }

当然，也可以是db.user.remove({salary :{$lt:10}},true)

4.4 更新操作

4.4.1 赋值更新

db.collection.update(criteria, objNew, upsert, multi )

criteria:update的查询条件，类似sql update查询内where后面的

objNew:update的对象和一些更新的操作符（如$,$inc...）等，也可以理解为sql update查询内set后面的。

upsert : 如果不存在update的记录，是否插入objNew,true为插入，默认是false，不插入。

multi : mongodb默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录，如果这个参数为true,就把按条件查出来多条记录全部更新。

> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 28, "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 28, "salary" : 2 }
> db.user.update({name:‘lfqy‘},{$set:{age:23}},false,true)
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 2 }
db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 2 }
> db.user.update({name:‘lfqy1‘},{$set:{age:23}},true,true)
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "name" : "lfqy", "gender" : "male", "age" : 23, "salary" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245610881c83a5bf26fc285"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lfqy1" }
> db.user.update({name:‘lfqy‘},{$set:{interest:"NBA"}},false,true)
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245610881c83a5bf26fc285"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lfqy1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "age" : 23, "gender" : "male", "interest" : "NBA", "name" : "lfqy", "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "age" : 23, "gender" : "male", "interest" : "NBA", "name" : "lfqy", "salary" : 2 }

4.4.2 增值更新

> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245610881c83a5bf26fc285"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lfqy1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "age" : 23, "gender" : "male", "interest" : "NBA", "name" : "lfqy", "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "age" : 23, "gender" : "male", "interest" : "NBA", "name" : "lfqy", "salary" : 2 }
> db.user.update({gender:‘female‘},{$inc:{salary:50}},false,true)
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453cfb25e437dfea8fd4f4"), "name" : "Gal Gadot", "gender" : "female", "age" : 28, "salary" : 11050 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453d8525e437dfea8fd4f5"), "name" : "Mikie Hara", "gender" : "female", "age" : 26, "salary" : 7050 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52453e2125e437dfea8fd4f6"), "name" : "Wentworth Earl Miller", "gender" : "male", "age" : 41, "salary" : 33000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52454155d8947fb70d000000"), "name" : "not known", "sex_orientation" : "male", "age" : 13, "salary" : 30000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245610881c83a5bf26fc285"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lfqy1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52455f8925e437dfea8fd4fd"), "age" : 23, "gender" : "male", "interest" : "NBA", "name" : "lfqy", "salary" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5245607525e437dfea8fd4fe"), "age" : 23, "gender" : "male", "interest" : "NBA", "name" : "lfqy", "salary" : 2 }

关于更新操作（db.collection.update(criteria, objNew, upsert, multi )），要说明的是，如果upsert为true，那么在没有找到符合更新条件的情况下，mongo会在集合中插入一条记录其值满足更新条件的记录(其中的 字段只有更新条件中涉及的字段，字段的值满足更新条件)，然后将其更新（注意，如果更新条件是$lt这种不等式条件，那么upsert插入的记录只会包含 更新操作涉及的字段，而不会有更新条件中的字段。这也很好理解，因为没法为这种字段定值，mongo索性就不取这些字段）。如果符合条件的记录中没有要更 新的字段，那么mongo会为其创建该字段，并更新。

上面大致介绍了MongoDB命令行中所涉及的操作，只是为了记录和查阅。

时间： 2024-08-10 10:22:50

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