-------------------------------------
一、前言
二、MySQL Cluster基本概念
三、环境
四、配置
1.LB-Master及LB-Backup配置
2.MGM配置
3.SQL节点(SQL1和SQL2)配置
4.数据节点(NDB1和NDB2)配置
五、查看状态
六、测试
-------------------------------------
一、前言
MySQL Cluster 是MySQL适合于分布式计算环境的高实用、高冗余版本。它采用了NDB Cluster存储引擎,允许在1个Cluster中运行多个MySQL服务器。在MyQL5.0 及以上的二进制版本中、以及与最新的Linux版本兼容的RPM中提供了该存储引擎。MySQL Cluster 是一种技术,该技术允许在无共享的系统中部署“内存中”数据库的 Cluster。通过无共享体系结构,系统能够使用廉价的硬件,而且对软硬件无特殊要求。此外,由于每个组件有自己的内存和磁盘,不存在单点故障。MySQL Cluster由一组计算机构成,每台计算机上均运行着多种进程,包括MySQL服务器,NDB Cluster的数据节点,管理服务器,以及(可能)专门的数据访问程序。
二、MySQL Cluster基本概念
NDB是一种“内存中”的存储引擎,它具有可用性高和数据一致性好的特点。MySQL Cluster能够使用多种故障切换和负载平衡选项配置NDB存储引擎,但在Cluster 级别上的存储引擎上做这个最简单。MySQL Cluster的NDB存储引擎包含完整的数据集,仅取决于Cluster本身内的其他数据。
目前,MySQL Cluster的Cluster部分可独立于MySQL服务器进行配置。在MySQL Cluster中,Cluster
的每个部分被视为1个节点。
管理(MGM)节点:这类节点的作用是管理MySQL Cluster内的其他节点,如提供配置数据、启动并停止节点、运行备份等。由于这类节点负责管理其他节点的配置,应在启动其他节点之前首先启动这类节点。MGM节点是用命令“ndb_mgmd”启动的。
数据(NDB)节点:这类节点用于保存Cluster的数据。数据节点的数目与副本的数目相关,是片段的倍数。例如,对于两个副本,每个副本有两个片段,那么就有4个数据节点。不过没有必要设置多个副本。数据节点是用命令“ndbd”启动的。
客户(SQL)节点:这是用来访问Cluster数据的节点。对于MySQL Cluster,客户端节点是使用NDB Cluster 存储引擎的传统MySQL服务器。通常,SQL节点是使用命令“mysqld -ndbcluster”启动的,或将“ndbcluster”添加到“my.cnf”后使用“mysqld”启动。
注释:在很多情况下,术语“节点”用于指计算机,但在讨论MySQL Cluster时,它表示的是进程。在单台计算机上可以有任意数目的节点,为此,我们采用术语“Cluster主机”。
管理服务器(MGM节点)负责管理Cluster配置文件和Cluster日志。Cluster中的每个节点从管理服务器检索配置数据,并请求确定管理服务器所在位置的方式。当数据节点内出现新的事件时,节点将关于这类事件的信息传输到管理服务器,然后将这类信息写入Cluster日志。
三、环境
系统:CentOS6.4 32位 9台
软件包(可以去mysql官网下载http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/):
MGM:
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-management-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-tools-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
SQL节点:
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-client-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-server-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
NDB节点:
MySQL-Cluster-gpl-storage-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
拓扑图:
IP规划:
四、配置(请先卸载掉与mysql有关的所有RPM包)
1.LB-Master及LB-Backup配置
(1)LB-Master及LB-Backup安装keepalived和ipvsadm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
|
# yum groupinstall "Additional Development" //安装开发工具
# yum groupinstall "Development tools"
# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
# cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.1
# ./cnfigure
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version : 1.2.1
Compiler : gcc
Compiler flags : -g -O2
Extra Lib : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework : No // 配置出现错误
IPVS sync daemon support : No
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use Debug flags : No
解决方法:
# yum install kernel-devel ipvsadm
# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-358.el6.i686/ /usr/src/linux
# ./cnfigure //再次配置环境
# make //编译
# make install //安装
# cd /usr/local/etc //keepalived默认安装路径
# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 24 00:37 keepalived
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 24 00:29 rc.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 24 00:29 sysconfig
配置以系统方式service启动
# cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
# mkdir /etc/keepalived
# cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
|
(2)LB-Master及LB-Backup的keepalived主配置文档
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
|
# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#guration File for keepalived
#global define
global_defs {
router_id HaMySQL_1
}
vrrp_sync_group VGM {
group {
VI_MYSQL
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_MYSQL {
state MASTER //LB-Backup 设置为BACKUP
interface eth0
lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
virtual_router_id 55
priority 100 //LB-Backup 设置为90
advert_int 5
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.200 /24 dev eth0
}
}
########## LVS MySQL Start ###########
virtual_server 192.168.2.200 3306 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 6
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.2.50 3306 {
weight 100
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
real_server 192.168.2.60 3306 {
weight 100
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
########## LVS MySQL END #############
|
2.MGM配置
(1)安装管理节点
1
2
3
|
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-management-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-tools-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# mkdir /etc/mysql-cluster
|
(2)配置管理节点
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
# vim /etc/mysql-cluster/config.ini //添加以下内容
[ndbd default]
NoOfReplicas=2
DataMemory=80M
IndexMemory=18M
# TCP/IP options:
[tcp default]
portnumber=2202
# Management process options:
[ndb_mgmd]
id =1
hostname =192.168.2.10
datadir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
# Options for data node
[ndbd]
id =2
hostname =192.168.2.30
datadir= /var/lib/mysql
[ndbd]
id =3
hostname =192.168.2.40
datadir= /var/lib/mysql
[mysqld]
id =4
hostname =192.168.2.50
[mysqld]
id =5
hostname =192.168.2.60
|
(3)启动管理节点
1
2
3
4
5
|
# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
# ndb_mgmd -f /etc/mysql-cluster/config.ini
MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31
# netstat -tupln
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1186 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17629 /ndb_mgmd
|
3.数据节点(NDB1和NDB2)配置
(1)安装数据节点
1
2
|
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-storage-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
|
(2)配置数据节点
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir= /var/lib/mysql
socket= /var/lib/mysql/mysql .sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error= /var/log/mysqld .log
pid- file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld .pid
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.2.10
|
(3)启动数据节点
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
# ndbd --initial //NDB1
2014-05-28 00:32:17 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to ‘192.168.2.10:1186‘
2014-05-28 00:32:17 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2
# ndbd --initial //NDB2
2014-05-28 00:33:08 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to ‘192.168.2.10:1186‘
2014-05-28 00:33:08 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 3
|
4.SQL节点(SQL1和SQL2)配置
网卡及屏蔽ARP设置
在现有网卡基础上添加一块lo:0网卡
1
2
3
4
|
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf //添加以下两行
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
# sysctl -p
|
(1)安装SQL节点
1
2
|
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-client-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm
# rpm -ivh MySQL-Cluster-gpl-server-7.1.31-1.el6.i686.rpm //如出错,卸载与mysql有关的rpm包
|
(2)配置SQL节点
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket= /var/lib/mysql/mysql .sock
ndbcluster
default-storage-engine=NDBCLUSTER
skip-name-resolve
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.2.10
|
(3)启动SQL节点
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
# service mysql start //SQL1
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
# service mysql start //SQL2,如无法启动,执行pkill -9 mysql再启动
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
# netstat -tupln |grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3475 /mysqld
|
(4)配置远程连接(SQL1和SQL2配置一致)
1
2
3
|
# mysql
mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘nuo‘ @ ‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘ ;
mysql> flush privileges;
|
启动顺序一定要遵循:MGM→NDB→SQL
五、查看状态
1.查看MGM状态
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
# ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id =2 @192.168.2.30 (mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31, Nodegroup: 0, *)
id =3 @192.168.2.40 (mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id =1 @192.168.2.10 (mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id =4 @192.168.2.50 (mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31)
id =5 @192.168.2.60 (mysql-5.1.73 ndb-7.1.31)
|
2.查看LB-Master状态
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1 /128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link /ether 00:0c:29:22:3d:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.20 /24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.200 /24 scope global secondary eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:3d01 /64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.2.200:mysql rr persistent 6
-> 192.168.2.50:mysql Route 100 0 0
-> 192.168.2.60:mysql Route 100 0 0
|
3.查看LB-Backup状态
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1 /128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link /ether 00:0c:29:27:e1:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.21 /24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe27:e198 /64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.2.200:mysql rr persistent 6
-> 192.168.2.50:mysql Route 100 0 0
-> 192.168.2.60:mysql Route 100 0 0
|
六、测试
- 客户端1(CentOS6.4 32位,IP:192.168.2.80/24)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
|
# yum install mysql
# mysql -h 192.168.2.200 -u nuo -p
Enter password:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| ndbinfo |
| test |
+--------------------+
mysql> create database t;
mysql> use t;
mysql> create table t2( id int);
mysql> insert into t2 values(10);
mysql> insert into t2 values(20);
|
2.LB-Master查看连接状态
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.2.200:mysql rr persistent 6
-> 192.168.2.50:mysql Route 100 1 0
-> 192.168.2.60:mysql Route 100 0 0
# ipvsadm -lcn
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 14:48 ESTABLISHED 192.168.2.80:49993 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.50:3306
TCP 00:54 NONE 192.168.2.80:0 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.50:3306
|
3.客户端2(CentOS6.4 32位,IP:192.168.2.81/24)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
# yum install mysql
# mysql -h 192.168.2.200 -u nuo -p
Enter password:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| ndbinfo |
| t |
| test |
+--------------------+
mysql> use t;
mysql> select * from t2;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 20 |
| 10 |
+------+
|
4.LB-Master查看连接状态
1
2
3
4
5
|
# ipvsadm -lcn
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 00:36 NONE 192.168.2.81:0 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.60:3306
TCP 14:18 ESTABLISHED 192.168.2.81:42435 192.168.2.200:3306 192.168.2.60:3306
|
总结:在客户端1上插入数据后,服务器显示客户端1连接的是SQL1(192.168.2.50),在客户端2上进行查询,能查询到客户端1输入的数据,服务器显示客户端2连接的是SQL2(192.168.2.60),所以,数据是同步的,并且是一致性的。
时间: 2024-09-30 19:05:09