spark快速开发之scala基础之2控制流程

判断结构

大体与java相当。scala没有三元表达式。

    val num = if(1>0) 1 else 0 //相当于匿名函数
    println(num)

    var num2 = 0
    if(1>0) num2 = 1 else num2 = 0

    println(num2)

选择结构

match。与java的stiwch相当。但scala的match强大很多。

1. 通配符匹配（Wildcard Pattern Matching ）
2. 常量匹配 （Constant Pattern Matching ）
3. 变量匹配（Variable Pattern Matching ）
4. 构造函数匹配（Constructor Pattern Matching ）
5. 集合类型匹配（Sequence Pattern Matching ）
6. 元祖类型匹配（Tuple Pattern Matching ）
7. 类型匹配（Typed Pattern Matching ）

        // constant patterns
        case 0 => "zero"
        case true => "true"
        case "hello" => "you said ‘hello‘"
        case Nil => "an empty List"
        // sequence patterns
        case List(0, _, _) => "a three-element list with 0 as the first element"
        case List(1, _*) => "a list beginning with 1, having any number of elements"
        case Vector(1, _*) => "a vector starting with 1, having any number of elements"
        // tuples
        case (a, b) => s"got $a and $b"
        case (a, b, c) => s"got $a, $b, and $c"
        // constructor patterns
        case Person(first, "Alexander") => s"found an Alexander, first name = $first"
        case Dog("Suka") => "found a dog named Suka"
        // typed patterns
        case s: String => s"you gave me this string: $s"
        case i: Int => s"thanks for the int: $i"
        case f: Float => s"thanks for the float: $f"
        case a: Array[Int] => s"an array of int: ${a.mkString(",")}"
        case as: Array[String] => s"an array of strings: ${as.mkString(",")}"
        case d: Dog => s"dog: ${d.name}"
        case list: List[_] => s"thanks for the List: $list"
        case m: Map[_, _] => m.toString
        // the default wildcard pattern
        case _ => "Unknown"

循环结构

while

do while

与java相同。

for 可以多重循环，循环过滤。返回值。

    val list = List("3423")
    for(t <- list){
      println(t)
    }

    for(i <- 1 to 10){//包含10
      println(i)
    }

    for(i <- 1 until 10){//不包含10
      println(i)
    }
    println("===================")
    for(i <- 1 to 10;if i> 5){//添加过滤条件
      println(i)
    }
    println("===================")
    for(i <- 1 to 10;j <- 1 to 10){
      println(i +" " + j)
    }
    println("===================")

     for (i <- 1 to 5) yield i * 2 

    var result = for(t <- list) yield t //result = list
    var result2 = for(t <- list)  yield t + "10"
    result.foreach(println)

异常控制

   try{

    }catch{
      case ex : NullPointerException => ex.printStackTrace()
      case _: Exception => ""
    }

break  continue

scala没有这两个关键字。但是scala提供了Breaks类来达到相同的效果。

 def continue() {
    for (i <- 1 to 10) {
      Breaks.breakable({
        if (i == 5) {
          Breaks.break()
        }
        println(i)
      })
    }
    println("break")
  }

执行结果：

1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
break

 def break() {
    Breaks.breakable({
      for (i <- 1 to 10) {
        if (i == 5) {
          Breaks.break()
        }
        println(i)
      }
    })
    println("break")
  }

执行结果：

1
2
3
4
break