1、列表比较函数cmp
>>> a = [1,2,3,4] >>> b = [1,2,3,4,5] >>> c = [1,2,3,4] >>> cmp(a,b) -1 >>> cmp(a,c) 0
2、列表解析,代码简化
>>> a [1, 2, 3, 4] >>> d = [] >>> for i in a: ... d.append(i + 2) ... >>> d [3, 4, 5, 6] >>> e = [] >>> e = [i + 2 for i in a] >>> e [3, 4, 5, 6]
3、字典创建
>>> d = dict.fromkeys([‘today‘,‘tomorrow‘],20) >>> d {‘tomorrow‘: 20, ‘today‘: 20}
4、集合特殊性
>>> s = {1,2,3,4} >>> t = {4,3,6} >>> s set([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> t set([3, 4, 6]) >>> t | s # 并集 set([1, 2, 3, 4, 6]) >>> t & s #交集 set([3, 4]) >>> t - s #差集 在t中不在s中 set([6]) >>> t ^ s #对称差集 不在ts同时存在的值 set([1, 2, 6])
5、函数式编程
①map >>> a [1, 2, 3, 4] >>> n = map(lambda x:x+2,a) >>> n [3, 4, 5, 6] #注意:在3.x中需要n = list(n) ②reduce >>>reduce(lambda x,y:x*y, range(1,8)) #上述命令相当于 >>> s = 1 >>> for i in range(1,8): ... s = s * i ... >>> s 5040 #注意:python3.x 需要from fuctools import reduce ③filter >>> b = filter(lambda x: x > 5 and x < 8 , range(10)) >>> b [6, 7] #上述函数比for和while循环效率高
6、Python2.x使用print()
from __future___ import print_function
7、Python2.x 除法更改
>>> from __future__ import division
>>> 3/2
1.5
>>> 3//2
1
时间: 2024-11-07 10:42:00