D. Guess Your Way Out! II

Problem‘s Link: http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/558/D

一棵满二叉树，树中某个叶子节点是出口，目的是寻找这个出口。再给定Q个询问的结果，每个结果告诉我们在第i层中(l,r)覆盖的叶结点是否包含出口。

analyse:

基本思路：多个区间求交集。

具体实现：

对于每一个询问，把它转化到最底层。并且把不在(l,r)区间的询问改为在(最左边，l-1)和(r+1,最右边)的形式，这样一来全部都变成了在(l,r)区间的描述。

区间统计：

对左右区间起点和终点组成的集合进行排序。然后找到答案存在的区间，如果区间长度=1，答案唯一；长度>1，答案不唯一;长度=0，无解。

Trick:会爆int。

Time complexity: O(n)

Source code: 

/*
* this code is made by crazyacking
* Verdict: Accepted
* Submission Date: 2015-07-16-11.55
* Time: 0MS
* Memory: 137KB
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#define  LL long long
#define  ULL unsigned long long
using namespace std;
LL L[51], R[51];
int main()
{
      ios_base::sync_with_stdio( false );
      cin.tie( 0 );
      L[1] = 1, R[1] = 1;
      for( int i = 2; i <= 50; ++i ) L[i] = L[i - 1] << 1, R[i] = ( L[i] << 1 ) - 1;
      int h, q;
      cin >> h >> q;
      if( q == 0 )
      {
            if( h == 1 ) puts( "1" );
            else puts( "Data not sufficient!" );
            return 0;
      }
      map<LL, int> mp;
      for( int i = 0; i < q; ++i )
      {
            LL level, left, right, type, gap;
            cin >> level >> left >> right >> type;
            gap = h - level;
            while( gap )
            {
                  gap--;
                  left <<= 1;
                  right = ( ( right + 1 ) << 1 ) - 1;
            }
            if( type )
            {
                  mp[left]++;
                  mp[right + 1]--;
            }
            else
            {
                  mp[L[h]]++;
                  mp[left]--;
                  mp[right + 1]++;
                  mp[R[h] + 1]--;
            }
      }
      LL ans, sum = 0, ans_gap = 0, mid_pre = -1;
      map<LL, int>:: iterator it = mp.begin();
      for( ; it != mp.end(); ++it )
      {
            sum += ( it->second );
            if( mid_pre != -1 )
            {
                  ans_gap += ( it->first ) - mid_pre;
                  ans = mid_pre;
            }
            if( sum == q ) mid_pre = ( it->first );
            else mid_pre = -1;
      }
      if( ans_gap == 1 ) cout << ans << endl;
      else if( ans_gap > 1 ) puts( "Data not sufficient!\n" );
      else puts( "Game cheated!\n" );
      return 0;
}
/*

*/