cobbler 安装搭建，详细 / 憋错料

一、 cobbler安装准备

1. 关闭iptables与selinux

1 # chkconfig iptables off

2 # vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

2. 安装源准备并安装cobbler软件

说明：基础源与epel源。

rpm –ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

(要装32位机器可以打开网页选择合适的epel源)

yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart fence-agents

二、配置tftp-server与rsync

开启tftp与rsync服务

sed -i ‘/disable/c disable = no‘ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

sed -i -e ‘s/= yes/= no/g‘ /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

把/etc/xinetd/tftp 和/etc/xinetd/rsync 中的disable选项中的yes改成no。

三、配置cobbler

1. 配置httpd配置文件

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerName 127.0.0.1:80

ServerName localhost:80

2. 配置cobbler主配置文件

1 sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.10/g‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

2 sed -i ‘s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.10/g‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

3 sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

4 sed -i ‘s/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g‘ /etc/cobbler/settings

修改/etc/cobbler/settings 这个配置文件里面的内容，把server：127.0.0.1 把IP改成自己的IP地址，把next_server 里面的地址也改成自己的地址。那manage_dhcp和manage_rsync后面的0改成1

3. 配置cobbler web登录认证配置文件

(1) 修改认证文件

sed -i ‘s/module = authn_denyall/module = authn_configfile/g‘ /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

module = authn_configfile /修改认证方式为密码文件类型

(2) 设置用户名密码

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler

账号就是cobbler密码会提示自己输出

4. 生成Cobbler安装系统root初始密码

(1)这里生成密钥和配置默认密钥，ks文件引用

# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘111111‘

$1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z.

2) 将上面的加密串加入cobbler配置文件中。

# vi /etc/cobbler/settings

# 修改为如下配置

default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z."

四、配置DHCP与启动cobbler相关服务

# mv /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak

# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

ddns-update-style interim;

allow booting;

allow bootp;

ignore client-updates;

set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.1.1;

option domain-name-servers 202.100.192.68;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.120 192.168.1.254;

filename "/pxelinux.0";

default-lease-time 21600;

max-lease-time 43200;

next-server $next_server;

}

注: 不要修改/etc/dhcpd.conf 这个文件,过会我们会配置让cobbler接管启动dhcpd的任务,cobbler会把你修改的dhcp.template拷贝到/etc/dhcpd.conf

2. 需要启动的服务

chkconfig httpd on

chkconfig xinetd on

chkconfig dhcpd on

chkconfig cobblerd on

service httpd start

service xinetd start

service dhcpd start

service cobblerd start

五、效验cobbler安装条件

1. 修复cobbler check时出现的第一条错误信息

根据提示依依排错

2. 修复debian/ubuntu系统安装选项支持包

# vi /etc/debmirror.conf

说明：前提是安装debmirror pykickstart这两个包，注释掉如下两行。

#@dists="sid";

#@arches="i386";

3. cobbler check效验环境

[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : service dhcpd is not running

Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.

4. 按上文校验提示操作修复

运行cobbler sync

直到出现*** TASK COMPLETE ***算成功

说明：本节在前面已经考虑过cobbler check的错误提示了，大部分处理了。

5. 重启cobblerd 与xinetd服务

service cobblerd restart

service xinetd restart

六、导入linux ISO安装镜像

1. 挂载ISO光盘镜像

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

2. 开始导入光盘镜像

# cobbler import --path=/mnt --arch=x86_64 --name=Centos-5.9

执行这条命令

task started: 2013-12-15_193916_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Dec 15 19:39:16 2013)

running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

出现这个算成功

说明: cobbler将镜像拷贝一份放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirrors/CentOS-5.9-x86_64目录下。
同时会创建一个名字为CentOS-5.9-x86_64的一个发布版本，以及一个名字为CentOS-5.9-x86_64的profile文件。

用cobbler list查看

七、修改安装更改kickstart文件

1. 相关知识内容

说明：
默认kickstart文件是/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks，需要手动为每个发行版单独指定, 或单独修改。

2. 手动创建自定义新的kickstart文件

vi /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks

可以先把默认的拷贝一份改个名字。然后根据需求进行编辑

install

text

lang zh_CN.UTF-8

keyboard us

reboot

url --url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64

network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname oa

rootpw --iscrypted $1$H0bnNoWM$HE1R/mWv6LqbhUGI8Xw/t.

firewall --disabled

authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5

selinux --disabled

timezone Asia/Shanghai

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="rhgb quiet"

# The following is the partition information you requested

# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed

# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is

# not guaranteed to work

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200 --asprimary

part swap --size=2048

part / --fstype ext3 --size=200 --grow

%packages

@admin-tools

@base

@chinese-support

@core

@development-libs

@development-tools

@dialup

@editors

@gnome-desktop

@games

@graphical-internet

@graphics

@java

@legacy-software-development

@legacy-software-support

@office

@printing

@sound-and-video

@text-internet

@base-x

system-config-kickstart

kexec-tools

iscsi-initiator-utils

fipscheck

squashfs-tools

device-mapper-multipath

sgpio

imake

emacs

libsane-hpaio

xorg-x11-utils

xorg-x11-server-Xnest

xorg-x11-server-Xvfb

%post

service sendmail stop

3. 配置yum源

base、updates库使用163的repo源并增加EPEL库

base

cobbler repo add --name=centos5.8-x86_64-Base --mirror=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/

将定义的仓库大写名字Base修改为小写base

cobbler repo edit --name=centos5.8-x86_64-base --mirror=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

updates

cobbler repo add --name=centos5.8-x86_64-updates --mirror=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/updates/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

添加EPEL仓库

cobbler repo add --name=centos5.8-x86_64-epel --mirror=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/5/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

6.3 同步yum仓库内容到本地

时间较长，注意磁盘容量是否满足。

cobbler reposync

task started: 2013-03-26_111553_reposync

task started (id=Reposync, time=Tue Mar 26 11:15:53 2013)

hello, reposync

run, reposync, run!

creating: /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64-updates/.origin/centos5.8-x86_64-updates.repo

running: /usr/bin/reposync -l -m -d --config=/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64-updates/.origin/centos5.8-x86_64-updates.repo --repoid=centos5.8-x86_64-updates --download_path=/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror -a x86_64

………………略…………………………

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

6.4 repo添加到profle，

安装系统时会自动添加仓库配置

cobbler profile edit --name=centos5.8-x86_64 --repos="centos5.8-x86_64-base centos5.8-x86_64-epel centos5.8-x86_64-updates" --distro=centos5.8-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos5u8-x64.cfg

6.4 删除仓库配置

cobbler repo remove --name=centos5.8-x86_64- updates

6.5 添加更新仓库源计划任务

cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail

加入crontab 每周日更新一次即可

echo "0 2 * * 0 cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail" >> /var/spool/cron/root

注意检查crond是否启动

/etc/init.d/crond status

crond is stopped

/etc/init.d/crond start

Starting crond: [ OK ]

chkconfig crond on

6.6 装机自动配置yum

如果你想安装系统时自动配置yum，请进行以下配置。

vim /etc/cobbler/settings

yum_post_install_mirror: 1

在装机脚本ks文件加入以下内容

%post

# Start yum configuration

$yum_config_stanza

# End yum configuration

3.修改profile指定新的KS启动文件，按角色进行分类

说明
1. 选择Centos-5.9-x86_64，将采用Centos-5.9-x86_64安装源，并通过/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks文件进行全自动安装。
2. 如有其它发行版，导入完镜像后，可以通过以下方式进行修改，否则将采用默认KS进行安装系统。
3. 也可以采用不同的ks文件来实现个性能自动安装，如下面第三条add命令，添加一个半自动的ks文件。
4. 如果没有按下面内容修改指定ks文件的话，引导菜单只显示Centos-5.9-x86_64默认一项。指定ks文件后，会在启动菜单中显示。

1 # cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks

2 # cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-5.9-xen-x86_64 --distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9-xen.ks

3 # cobbler profile add --name=Centos-5.9-half-auto --distro=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9-halfauto.ks

4. 更改profile名称

# cobbler profile rename --name=Centos-5.9-x86_64 --newname=CentOS-5U9-x64

5. 删除profile配置，需要删除的profile名称为Centos-5.9-x86_64，删除后，安装启动菜单相关项消失。

# cobbler profile remove --name=Centos-5.9-x86_64

八、添加指定客户机系统配置到Cobbler

1. 指定一个网段使用特定的装机配置

cobbler system add --name=test_000 --ip=192.168.1.0/24 --profile=Centos-5.9-x86_64

2. 添加一个指定服务器的装机配置

指定服务器的mac地址，并设置好主机名、IP地址等信息，需要提示知道服务器MAC地址，根据MAC应用到具体机器上。

还可以指定ks参数。--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks

cobbler system add --name=test_001 --hostname=test_001 --mac=00:0C:29:E3:81:32 --interface=eth0 --ip-address=192.168.1.123 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.1.1 --static=1 --profile=Centos-5.9-x86_64

3. 修改system配置

机器IP地址变更为192.168.10.110

cobbler system add --name=test_001 --ip=192.168.1.110

变更system配置名称

cobbler system rename --name=test001 --newname=abc

4. 删除system配置

需要删除的profile名称为test_001

cobbler system remove --name=test_001

5. 查看定义的系统列表

cobbler system list

test_001

九、安装客户端操作系统

(1) 通过网卡pxe启动

(2) 自动完成安装

十、重装客户端操作系统

wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm

查看cobbler server上的配置文件，对于centos5.x 的系统koan不能采用yum安装，否则会因python版本过低而报错。

koan --server=192.168.1.10 --list=profiles

- looking for Cobbler at http://192.168.1.10/cobbler_api

- reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64

install_tree: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64

downloading initrd initrd.img to /boot/initrd.img

url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img

- reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img

downloading kernel vmlinuz to /boot/vmlinuz

url=http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz

- reading URL: http://192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz

- [‘/sbin/grubby‘, ‘--add-kernel‘, ‘/boot/vmlinuz‘, ‘--initrd‘, ‘/boot/initrd.img‘, ‘--args‘, ‘"ks=http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64 ksdevice=link kssendmac lang= text "‘, ‘--copy-default‘, ‘--make-default‘, ‘--title=kick1387098833‘]

- reboot to apply changes