1 概述
expect 是由Don Libes基于Tcl(Tool Command Language )语言开发的,主要应用于自动化交互式操作的场景,借助Expect处理交互的命令,可以将交互过程如:ssh登录,ftp登录等写在一个脚本上,使之自动化完成。尤其适用于需要对多台服务器执行相同操作的环境中,可以大大提高系统管理人员的工作效率
2 语法
expect命令
expect 语法:
expect [选项] [ -c cmds] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile] [ args]
选项
-c:从命令行执行expect脚本,默认expect是交互地执行的
示例:expect -c ‘expect "\n" {send "pressed enter\n"}
-d:可以输出输出调试信息
示例:expect -d ssh.exp
expect中相关命令
spawn:启动新的进程
send:用于向进程发送字符串
expect:从进程接收字符串
interact:允许用户交互
exp_continue匹配多个字符串在执行动作后加此命令
expect最常用的语法(tcl语言:模式-动作)
单一分支模式语法:
expect “hi” {send “You said hi\n"}
匹配到hi后,会输出“you said hi”,并换行
多分支模式语法:
expect "hi" { send "You said hi\n" } \
"hehe" { send “Hehe yourself\n" } \
"bye" { send “Good bye\n" }
匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串时,执行相应输出。等同如下:
expect {
"hi" { send "You said hi\n"}
"hehe" { send "Hehe yourself\n"}
"bye" { send “Good bye\n"}
}
3 脚本
以下是在expect在shell脚本中调用常用的几个用法,自动拷贝脚本,下发脚本,ssh 和telnet 连接远程主机.
#!/bin/bash # #****************************************************************************** #Author: Sunny #Date: 2017-09-03 #FileName: scp.sh #version: 1.0 #Your change info: #Description: For #Copyright(C): 2017 All rihts reserved #***************************************************************************** echo "1 copy wang home dir,usage:$0" echo "2 copy file under wang home,usage: $0 file_to_copy" echo "3 send file to wang home,usage: $0 file_to_send" echo "4 login other host by ssh,usage: $0 login_ip" echo "5 login other host by telnet,usage: $0 login_ip login_user" read -p "input the remote ip: " ip read -p "input full path file_name or dir: " file read -p "input host password: " passwd read -p "Please input your choice: " choice case $choice in 1) expect -c " spawn scp -r [email protected]$ip:$file "$file\_$(date +%F-%H-%M)" expect { # \"*assword\" {set timeout 300; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"*assword\" {set timeout 300; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"yes/no\" { send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue; } } expect eof" ;; 2) expect -c " spawn scp [email protected]$ip:$file /root/ expect { # \"*assword\" {set timeout 500; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"*assword\" {set timeout 500; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"yes/no\" { send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue; } } expect eof" ;; 3) expect -c " spawn scp $file [email protected]$ip:/root expect { # \"*assword\" {set timeout 500; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"*assword\" {set timeout 500; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"yes/no\" { send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue; } } expect eof" ;; 4) expect -c " spawn ssh $ip expect { \"yes/no\" { send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue; } \"*assword\" {set timeout 500; send \"$passwd\r\"; } } interact expect eof" ;; 5) expect -c " spawn telnet $ip expect { \"*assword\" {set timeout 500; send \"$passwd\r\"; } \"login\" { send \"sunny\r\";exp_continue; } } interact expect eof" ;; *) echo "Your input is wrong,please check" exit ;; esac
4 总结
expect可以实际静默的操作,这个在脚本中经常用到,读者根据对应的功能,拷贝相关代码,可以直接把变量换成固定的值,不需要每次运行脚本都需要人工输入变量值,实现静默操作。